Asụsụ Koiari
| Grass Koiari | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Papua New Guinea | |
| Total speakers: | 1,700 | |
| Language family: | Trans–New Guinea Koiarian Koiaric Koita-Koirari Grass Koiari | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | kbk | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Grass Koiari (Koiali) bụ asụsụ Papuan nke Papua New Guinea a na-asụ n'ime ime obodo Port Moresby . Ọ dịghị nso na asụsụ ọzọ nke na-eketa aha ya, Mountain Koiali . A na-ewere ya dị ka asụsụ egwu.
Ọtụtụ ndị na-ekwu okwu dị n'akụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Port Moresby, ndị ọzọ nọ na isi mmiri Hunter River na Musgrave River yana n'ime obodo Motu nke Tubuseleia, Barakau, na Gaile. [1]
Olumba
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Koiari nwere isi olumba abụọ, olumba ọdịda anyanwụ na olumba ọwụwa anyanwụ, nke kewarakwa ụzọ abụọ sub-olumba, olumba ugwu-ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda-ọwụwa anyanwụ .
Olumba ndị a na-ekekọrịta ụda olu na okwu nwere obere esemokwu ole na ole.
fonology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Enwere ike ịkọwa phonology nke Grass Koiari dị ka ihe dị mfe; o nwere mkpụrụokwu niile mepere emepe, ma enweghị ụdaume na mgbakasị ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe yana ụyọkọ consonant dị mgbagwoju anya.
Ekwentị
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Udaume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| n'ihu | etiti | azụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| elu | i | ị | |
| etiti | e | o | |
| ala | a |
Consonants
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Bilabial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kwụsị | enweghị olu | t | k | ||
| kwuputara | b | d | g | ||
| Nke na-ese okwu | enweghị olu | f | s | h | |
| kwuputara | v | ||||
| imi | m | n | |||
| Na-ama jijiji | r | ||||
| Semivowel | y | ||||
Nhazi mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ụdị nkeji okwu abụọ na-eme bụ V (ụdaume) na CV (consonant-vowel). A na-akọwa usoro nke ụdaume dị ka glides karịa diphthong . Enweghị mkpụrụokwu mechiri emechi ma ọ bụ ụyọkọ consonant dị.
Morphophonemics
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ngbanwe Morphophonemic na-efu n'asụsụ a, n'agbanyeghị na enwere iwu mmepụta morphophonemic na metrik dị ugbu a mgbe agbakwunyere suffixes. [1] [2]
Iwu morphophonemic dị mkpa ma bụrụ ndị a:
- N'ime ngwaa nwere suffixes malite na consonant, ụdaume ikpeazụ na-agbanwe na /i/; ewepụrụ bụ ma ọ bụrụ na ụdaume ikpeazụ bụ /u/ ma ọ bụ suffixes na-amalite na /n/ ma ọ bụ /r/. Na nke ikpeazụ ọ dịghị mgbanwe.
- Mgbe azuokokoosisi na-ebute suffix na-amalite na ụdaume, a na-ahapụ ụdaume ikpeazụ nke stem ahụ, ewezuga ụfọdụ ikpe.
Iwu nrụpụta metrik bụ iwu na-adịghị mma, iwu ọnọdụ na-eji ezi uche na-ekwu okwu.
- N'ọnọdụ ebe agafere oke okwu, a na-ahapụrịrị ụdaume ikpeazụ tupu ụdaume mbụ. A na-etinyekarị nke a mgbe a na-eji ngosipụta, nnochiaha onwe onye, ụfọdụ nkọwapụta, na ntụgharịgharị. Adịghị emetụta okwu monosyllabic ma ọ bụ mgbe ụdaume ikpeazụ na nke mbụ bụ otu.
- eg 'ata 'eke ( nwoke ahu) buru a'teke.
- N'okwu ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ gburugburu, ahapụla consonants bilabial ekwuputara na /r/.
- eg gurama ( nọdụ ala ) na-aghọ guama.
Nchegbu na rhythm
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nchegbu bụ ụda ụda mana iwu ntinye nwere ike ịdị iche site na okwu gaa na okwu.
Ngwaa nwere iwu nrụgide dị iche iche ma e jiri ya tụnyere klaasị okwu ndị ọzọ; a na-emesi ha ike dabere ma ha bụ eziokwu ma ọ bụ ngwaa ewepụtara na nke suffixes dị. N'ozuzu, a na-etinye nrụgide ahụ n'ime mkpụrụokwu mbụ nke mgbọrọgwụ ha wee bụrụ mkpọda nke nwere consonant penultimate.
Na mono ma ọ bụ mgbọrọgwụ disyllabic, a na-etinye nrụgide na syllable nke mbụ. Na mgbọrọgwụ trisyllabic, a na-etinye nrụgide na syllable na consonant penultimate, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị, syllable nke mbụ. N'ime mgbọrọgwụ nwere mkpụrụ edemede anọ ma ọ bụ karịa, a na-etinye nrụgide na nkeji okwu nke mbụ na nke dị na consonant penultimate.
Ọkà okwu na-emetụta ụda nke ahịrịokwu; ihe abụọ ahụ bụ nkwụsịtụ obere oge yana itinye iwu mmepụta metrik.
Ntinye okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Enwere usoro dị iche iche nke innation isii, a pụkwara ịkọwa contour ha site na prenuclear na contour nuklia na ọkwa 4 nke pitch; na 1 bụ nke kachasị elu na 4 bụ nke kasị ala. [2] [1]
Nchịkọta okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Akpaokwu aha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na Grass Koiari, nkebi ahịrịokwu dị mfe, mgbagwoju anya ma ọ bụ ngwakọta.
Akpaokwu aha dị mfe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-emepụta ahịrịokwu aha dị mfe site na ịgbakwunye post ma ọ bụ pre-nominal modifier na isi aha. Ndị na-agbanwe aha na-agụnye nnọchiaha, ụfọdụ adjectives, ndị na-agbanwere ahịrịokwu na ndị metụtara ya, na aha ndị ọzọ. Ndị na-agbanwe aha na-agụnye ọtụtụ adjectives, demonstratives, quantifiers, na limiters. Ndị na-agbanwe aha ga-anọ n'usoro edepụtara ma ọ bụrụ na ihe karịrị otu dị.
Akpaokwu okwu mgbagwoju anya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọ bụrụ na nkebiokwu aha gụnyere nkebiokwu ikwu agbakwunyere na nkebiokwu aha nwere, ọ nwere ike ịdị mgbagwoju anya.
Akpaokwu ọnụ ọnụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nkọwapụta -gE nwere ike ijikọ nkebiokwu mgbagwoju anya na dị mfe iji mepụta nkebiokwu ọnụ.
Nkeji edemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ahịhịa Koirari bụ asụsụ SOV (okwu ngwaa) nke ngwaa ahụ bụ ihe na-egosipụta morphological nke ọnụ ọgụgụ isi arụmụka na postposition bụ ngosipụta nke arụmụka mpụta. Nhazi isi bụ arụmụka isiokwu, nke a ga-ekwurịrị nke ọma, isiokwu nnọchiaha na opekempe, yana ngwaa .
isiokwu na-ebute ihe na-ebute ụzọ ma nwee ike kewapụ onwe ha na ngwaa ahụ site na arụmụka mpụta na ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka ihe ọjọọ na modal nke nwere ebe ha kwesịrị ịnọ na ya.
Isiokwu na-ebute ihe ụzọ, na arụmụka mpụta na ihe ndị ọzọ, dị ka modal na ihe ọjọọ nwere ike ikewapụ ha na ngwaa na ibe ha. A na-edokarị arụmụka na ihe mejupụtara ya n'ebe ụfọdụ masịrị ya na nkebiokwu ahụ.
Enwere ụdị nkebiokwu abụọ dị na ahịhịa koiari ma dị iche site na ike ha guzoro naanị ha dị ka ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke onwe.
Njikọ nkebiokwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Enwere ike ijikọ nkebiokwu ọnụ iji mepụta agbụ ogologo, asụsụ Papuan nke dabara na paragraf . A na-enyocha ndị sonyere na agbụ ndị a site na iji suffixes.
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]ụfọdụ okwu n'ihu ndị na-abụghị nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị ibe ha. Enwere ike iji okwu a na-egbochi nwoke na nwanyị, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ okwu ụlọ nri, naanị mgbe ọ na-agwa ndị otu nwoke okwu. [1] Okwu a na-amachibido nwoke na nwanyị na-egosi ihe atụ nke okwu ezere, ụdị nkwanye ugwu, n'asụsụ Mortlockese. Mortlockese bụ ọha matrilineal, na-atụle
- 1 2 3 Dutton, Thomas Edward, (fl. 1969- )., Auteur. (1996). Koiari. LINCOM Europa. ISBN 3929075105. OCLC 881615995. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - 1 2 Dutton (2003). A dictionary of Koiari, Papua New Guinea, with grammar notes. Canberra, Australia : Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University. ISBN 0858835339. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
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