Asụsụ Kulina

Kulina (nakwa Kulína, Kulyna, Culina, Curina, Corina, Korina, Culina-Madijá, Madijá, Madija, Madiha, Madihá ) bụ asụsụ Arawan nke Brazil na Peru nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 4,000 Kulina na-asụ. Ebe ndị ọkà okwu ole na ole dị otú ahụ, a na-ewere Kulina dị ka asụsụ egwu. Kulina yiri asụsụ Deni, ebe a na-ewerekwa ha dị ka olumba dị iche iche nke otu asụsụ. Asụsụ abụọ ahụ nwere usoro okwu SOV, ^[1] yana ụdị consonants alveolar africate atọ. Ekwenyere na ọnụnọ nke phoneme *s e wugharịrị n'ọnọdụ fricative *s ^h bụ ihe na-egosi asụsụ Kulina na Deni megidere asụsụ ndị ọzọ na ezinụlọ Arawan. ^[2]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịdị ala

Ndị Kulina na-ebi na steeti Acre na Amazonas na Brazil na mpaghara Ucayali na Peru. ^[3] Na Acre na Ucayali, a na-ahụ obodo nta ndị ahụ n'akụkụ osimiri Purus na Envira. Na Amazonas, obodo nta ndị ahụ dị gburugburu osimiri Juruá, Tarauacá na Jutaí. ^[3]

Ụtọ asụsụ

Usoro ihe mejupụtara ya bụ isiokwu-ihe-ngwaa . Ọ na-abụkarị asụsụ na-egosi akara nke nwere morphology agglutinative na ụfọdụ ngwakọta. ^[3] Kulina bụ asụsụ ikpeazụ ma nwee ọtụtụ suffixes karịa prefixes . ^[3] Enwere klaasị aha abụọ na okike abụọ na nkwekọrịta na ngwaa transitive na-ekpebi site n'ọtụtụ ihe dị mgbagwoju anya, ma syntactic na pragmatic. ^[3] N'ahịrịokwu ntụgharị, ngwaa na-ekwenye na ihe dị na okike na isiokwu ahụ n'onwe na ọnụọgụ. N'ahịrịokwu na-agbanwe agbanwe, ngwaa ahụ na-ekwenye na isiokwu ya na mmadụ, ọnụọgụ na okike. ^[3]

fonology

Consonants

		Labial	eze	Alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Na-egbu egbu / Mmekọrịta	kwuputara	b	d̪	d͡z
	enweghị olu	p	t̪	t͡s	k
	achọsi ike	pʰ	t̪ʰ	t͡sʰ	kʰ
Nke na-ese okwu						h
Ihu imi		m		n
Rhotic				ɾ
Odika		β̞ ~ w

Consonants na-ada /pʰ, t̪, d͡z, t͡s, t͡sʰ, ɾ, β~w/ nwekwara ike ịkpọ dị ka /ɸ~f, t͡ʃ, z~ɟ, s, sʰ~ʃ, l, v/.

Udaume

	N'ihu	Azu
Mechie	i	( u )
N'etiti	ɛ	o
Mepee	a

Ụda [a] nwekwara ike iru na ụda [ ɨ ] . Ụda ụdaume [u] na-apụta naanị na diphthongs. ^[3]

Akwụkwọ akụkọ

Boyer, Cindy & Jim Boyer. 2000. Ọkọwa okwu: (sic) Culina - Castellano. Edemede edebeghị.
Dinst, Stefan. 2014. A Grammar nke Kulina . Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Dinst, Stefan. 2009. " Sative Verbs na Kulina ". ReVel Revista Virtual nke Estudos de Lingaugem.
Daalụ, Stefan. 2008 a. "Mmetụta Portuguese na Kulina". Na Thomas Stolz, Dik Bakker & Rosa Salas Palomo (eds.) Akụkụ nke kọntaktị asụsụ. Nchọpụta usoro mmụta ọhụrụ, usoro na ihe nleba anya nwere nlebara anya pụrụ iche na usoro Romancisation, 287-297. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Dinst, Stefan. 2008b. "Gịnị kpatara Kulina enweghị ihe mgbochi". Amụma 32: 27-36 .
Dinst, Stefan. 2005. "Ihe ọhụrụ nke s na Kulina na Deni". Ọkà mmụta asụsụ mmadụ 52: 209-243.
Monserrat, Ruth Maria Fonini & Abel O. Silva. 1986. Gramática na língua Kulina. Dialeto do Igarapé do Anjo . Acre: Conselho Indigenista Missionário.
Silva, Abel O. & Ruth MF Monserrat.1984. Dicionário Kulina – Português e Português – Kulina. (Dialeto do Igarapé do Anjo) . Acre: Conselho Indigenista Missionário.
Tiss, Frank. 2004. Gramática da língua Madiha (Kulina) . São Leopoldo: Oikos.
Wright, Pamela Sue. 1991. La hipótesis del inacusativo y los verbos mádija (culina). Revista Latino-americana de Estudios Ethnolingüísticos 6: 49-62.
Wright, Pamela Sue. Madija kwuru. Akwụkwọ ọrụ nke Summer Institute of Linguistics, Mahadum North Dakota 39: 93-140.

Ntụaka

na-ekwu na ya na Reginald na Ryan Dennis, emesịa gbawaa koodu na ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke asụsụ Tahltan." [1] Dị ka asụsụ Dene, dị ka

↑ Culina Language and the Culina Indian Tribe (Kulina Madihá, Kulína, Kulyna, Kurina, Corina, Madija, Kollina, Kulino). www.native-languages.org. Retrieved on 2018-02-23.
↑ Dienst. "The Innovation of s in Kulina and Deni". Anthropological Linguistics 47: 424–441.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 Stefan. (2014). A Grammar of Kulina. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter. ISBN 9783110339680. OCLC 898770080. Stefan., Dienst (2014). A Grammar of Kulina. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter. ISBN 9783110339680. OCLC 898770080. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content

[1] Culina Language and the Culina Indian Tribe (Kulina Madihá, Kulína, Kulyna, Kurina, Corina, Madija, Kollina, Kulino). www.native-languages.org. Retrieved on 2018-02-23.

[2] Dienst. "The Innovation of s in Kulina and Deni". Anthropological Linguistics 47: 424–441.

[:0-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 Stefan. (2014). A Grammar of Kulina. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter. ISBN 9783110339680. OCLC 898770080. Stefan., Dienst (2014). A Grammar of Kulina. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter. ISBN 9783110339680. OCLC 898770080. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content

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