Asụsụ Kumeyaay
Kumeyaay ( Kumiai ), nke a makwaara dị ka Central Diegueño, Kamia, 'Iipay Aa, na Campo, bụ asụsụ ala America nke ndị Kumeyaay nke ndịda San Diego na mpaghara Imperial na California na-asụ yana obodo Kumiai ise na Baja California Norte, Mexico.
Hinton na 1994 tụrụ aro nleba anya nke ndị na-asụ obodo 50 nke Kumeyaay. [1] Enwere ndị ọkà okwu 377 kọrọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ Mexico 2010, gụnyere 88 ndị kpọrọ asụsụ ha "Cochimi". [ 4 ] Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Barona Intertribal [2] depụtara n'etiti otu ndị ntinye aka Core, Patrick Melvin Curo yana n'etiti otu Extended ya, Stanley Rodriguez, Ed. D. na Ana Gloria Rodriguez, M.Ed. ndị nọgidere na-akụzi asụsụ taa.
Kumeyaay bụ nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Yuman yana ngalaba Delta–California nke ezinụlọ ahụ. A na-ewerekarị Kumeyaay na ndị agbata obi ya, ' Iipay n'ebe ugwu na Tiipay dị n'ebe ndịda, dị ka olumba nke otu asụsụ Diegueño, mana nkwenye 1990 n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ yiri ka ọ dịkarịa ala asụsụ atọ dị iche iche dị n'ime olumba. [3]
N'ụzọ gbagwojuru anya, Kumeyaay na-ejikarị dịka aha aha maka asụsụ etiti ezinụlọ a yana maka ndị 'Iipay-Tiipay-Kumeyaay n'ozuzu ya. A na-ejikwa Tiipay dị ka mkpokọta mkpokọta maka ndị na-ekwu okwu nke Kumeyaay na Tiipay kwesịrị ekwesị.
Akwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na 1999, akwụkwọ e bipụtara maka asụsụ Kumeyaay yiri ka ọ bụ naanị ederede ole na ole. [4] N'afọ 2019, Margaret Field (ya na ndị ntụgharị asụsụ ndị ọzọ na ndị na-asụ obodo) bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ na akụkọ ọnụ nke asụsụ atọ sitere na obodo Baja California Tiipay nke Nejí na La Huerta. [5]
Ebugowo vidiyo na ọdịyo nke akụkọ, mkparịta ụka, na ndepụta okwu n'ụdị Tiipay a na-asụ na Nejí na La Huerta na Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America (AILLA). [6] Edegharịrị ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị a ma dị na ebe a na-edebe ihe ndekọ asụsụ dị ize ndụ [7] nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Asụsụ Egwu (ELDP) kwadoro na Mahadum London.
Dịka nke Eprel 2023, klaasị dị site na Kumeyaay Community College jikọtara ya na Cuyamaca Community College yana San Diego State University . [8] Enwekwara mmemme imikpu asụsụ Kumeyaay.
Consonants
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Bilabial | eze | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvula | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ma ọ bụ. | ụlọ nyocha. | ||||||||
| Kwụsị / Mgbakwunye | p | t̪ | t | tʃ | k | kʷ | q | ʔ | |
| Nke na-ese okwu | β | s̪ | s | x | xʷ | ||||
| Ihu imi | m | n̪ | n | ɲ | |||||
| Trill | r̪ | r | |||||||
| N'akụkụ | esemokwu | ɬ | 𝼆 | ||||||
| ihe ruru. | l | ʎ | |||||||
| Odika | w | j | |||||||
Alveolar na-ada ụda /t, s, n, r/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka post-alveolar [t̠, s̠, n̠, r̠] .
Udaume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| N'ihu | Central | Azu | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mechie | i | u | |
| N'etiti | ə | o | |
| Mepee | a |
Enwere ike kesaa ogologo ụdaume.
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]site na okwu 145 Francis de Castelnau chịkọtara site na na Nejí na La Huerta na Archive of the Indigenous Languages
- ↑ Hinton (1994). Flutes of Fire: Essays on California Indian Languages. Berkeley, CA: Heyday Books.
- ↑ Miller (2008). Barona Inter-Tribal Dictionary: Iipay Aa Tiipay Aa Uumall. Barona Museum Press.
- ↑ Langdon (1990). "Diegueño: how many languages?", in Redden: Proceedings of the 1990 Hokan–Penutian Languages Workshop. Carbondale: University of Southern Illinois, 184–190.
- ↑ Mithun (1999). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ (2019) in Field: Footsteps From the Past into the Future: Kumeyaay Stories of Baja California. San Diego State University Press. ISBN 9781938537844.
- ↑ Central Diegueño (Kumiai). The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America. Archived from the original on 2023-08-15. Retrieved on 2023-08-15.
- ↑ Documentation of the Baja California Yuman Languages Kumeyaay and Ko'alh | Endangered Languages Archive. www.elararchive.org. Retrieved on 2023-08-15.
- ↑ Kumeyaay Studies. www.cuyamaca.edu. Retrieved on 2023-01-23.
Ọgụgụ ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Carrico. "Can language preservation battle be won?", North County Times, 2012-05-21. Retrieved on 2012-08-07.
- Couro (1973). Dictionary of Mesa Grande Diegueño; 'Iipay Aa-English/English-'Iipay Aa. Banning, CA: Malki Museum Press.
- Couro (1975). Let's talk 'Iipay Aa : an introduction to the Mesa Grande Diegueño language. Banning, CA: Malki Museum Press.
- Gorbet (1976). A grammar of diegueño nominals. New York: Garland Publishing.
- Langdon (1970). A grammar of Diegueño; the Mesa Grande dialect.. Berkeley: University of California Press. Retrieved on 2016-09-27.
- Templeeti:Cite JIPA