Asụsụ Kyirong-Kagate
Kyirong–Kagate bụ otu obere asụsụ Tibetic a na-asụ na Nepal, nwere otu narị ma ọ bụ karịa na-asụ n'ofe oke na Tibet.
- Kyirong (Lende), Kagate, Tsum, Langtang, Yolmo (Helambu Sherpa), Nubri, Gyalsumdo
N'agbanyeghi na enwere nghota di iche iche n'etiti ndi di iche iche, [1] a na-ewere ha dika asusu di iche iche site n'onu ogugu ha. E nwekwara ụfọdụ nnukwu ndịiche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Kyirong nwere usoro ụda atọ [2] ebe Yolmo na Kagate nwere usoro ụda abụọ. [3] Asụsụ Gyalsumdo dị iche iche a na-asụ na mpaghara Jikwaa Nepal na-egosi myirịta siri ike na Kyirong, yana Nubri, yabụ na ọ ga-abụ na a ga-ekewa ya na otu "Kyirong–Kagate". [4]
Mmachi njedebe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ezinụlọ asụsụ a kacha ele anya dị ka Kyirong–Yolmo n'ezie. [1] Nke a bụ n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe; Nke mbu, enwere ihe ruru ndi mmadu 1000 mara dika Kagate, otutu n’ime ndia na-ewerekwa onwe ha dika Yolmo. Nke abuo, a na-eji Kagate eme ihe mgbe nile iji mata obodo na Ramechhap, ebe Yolmo nwere ike ihu na Melamchi, Helambu, Ilam, Lamjung na ebe ndi ozo. Nke atọ, ọtụtụ ndị na-ekwu okwu na-ewere aha Kagate dị njọ, n'ihi na ọ na-ezo aka n'ọrụ dị ala nke ime akwụkwọ.
Ọdịiche n'etiti asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ụdị ndị a niile nwere njikọ doro anya na akụkọ ihe mere eme, mana ụfọdụ yitere karịa ndị ọzọ. Kagate na Yolmo na-ekekọrịta ọtụtụ njirimara, na enwere ike were ya dị ka olumba nwere nghọta. [3] [5] Nubri na Gyalsumdo yikwara ka ha nwere njikọ chiri anya, dabere na nyocha mbụ. [4] Ọ bụ ezie na Yolmo na Kyirong yiri ibe ha karịa ka ha dị na Standard Tibet, ha dị iche iche nke ọma ka e were ha dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche. [6]
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]njirimara, na enwere ike were ya dị ka olumba nwere nghọta. [1] [2] Nubri na
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gawne (2013). "Notes on the relationship between Yolmo and Kagate". Himalayan Linguistics 12 (2): 1–27. Gawne, Lauren (2013). "Notes on the relationship between Yolmo and Kagate". Himalayan Linguistics. 12 (2): 1–27. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Huber (2005). The Tibetan dialect of Lende (Kyirong).. Bonn: VGH Wissenschaftsverlag.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hari (2010). Yohlmo Sketch Grammar. Kathmandu: Ekta. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hildebrandt (2011). "Preliminary notes on Gyalsumdo, an undocumented Tibetan variety in Manang District, Nepal.". Himalayan Linguistics 10 (10): 167–185. DOI:10.5070/H910123573. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":3" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Gawne (2010). "Lamjung Yolmo: a dialect of Yolmo, also known as Helambu Sherpa". Nepalese Linguistics (25): 34–41.
- ↑ Hedlin (2011). An investigation of the relationship between the Kyirong, Yòlmo, and Standard Spoken Tibetan speech varieties (unpublished MA thesis). Payap University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.