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Asụsụ Lahu

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Lahu (autonym: Ladhof [lɑ˥˧xo˩] ) bụ asụsụ Tibeto-Burman nke ndị Lahu bi na China, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam na Laos na-asụ. A na-eji ya eme ihe na China, ma ndị Lahu, na ndị agbụrụ ndị ọzọ na Yunnan, bụ ndị na-eji ya dị ka asụsụ asụsụ . Otú ọ dị, a naghị eji asụsụ ahụ eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe ma ọ bụ kụziere ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọ bụla dị na Thailand, ebe ọtụtụ ndị Lahu bụ ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na ndị kwabatara n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị, ebe ha si Myanmar gafere Thailand.

Nkesa site na olumba

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Lahu Na (Black Lahu) bụ olumba ugwu na ọkọlọtọ Lahu, a na-asụkwa ya n'ọtụtụ Yunnan, China, na mpaghara Kengtung nke Shan State, Myanmar na n'ọtụtụ mpaghara Thailand. O kwesịghị inwe mgbagwoju anya na Lahu Aga (Black Lahu nke Laos ( Lee n'okpuru ebe a ) ma ọ bụ Kucong (Black Lahu nke Vietnam).

Asụsụ Lahu, yana asụsụ Kucong nwere njikọ chiri anya, bụ nkewapụtara dị ka ngalaba dị iche nke Loloish site na Ziwo Lama (2012), mana dị ka asụsụ Central Loloish nke David Bradley (2007). A na-ekewa Lahu dị ka ngalaba nwanne nwanyị nke ngalaba Southern Loloish na Satterthwaite-Phillips' (2011) computational phylogenetic analysis nke asụsụ Lolo-Burmese.

Olumba

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Matisoff (2006)

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A na-ahụ olumba ole na ole, nke ejiri aha dị iche iche mara nke ọ bụla:

  • Lahu Na (Black Lahu, Musser Dam, Northern Lahu, Loheirn)
  • Lahu Shi (Yellow Lahu, Kutsung ); ihe di iche iche la53 xu31 sɯ33 a na-asụ olumba na Nanduan 南段村 (Lahu: na31 tɔ35 ) Obodo nta, Nuofu Township 糯福乡, Lancang County, China [1]
  • Lahu Nyi (Red Lahu, Southern Lahu, Musseh Daeng, Luhishi, Luhushi), Shehleh
  • Lahu Shehleh

Pham (2013)

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Phạm Huy (2013:13) depụtara alaka atọ ndị a.

  • La Hủ Phu (White Lahu): naanị dị na Lüchun County, Yunnan, China
  • La Hủ Năk (Black Lahu)
  • La Hủ Nê Thu

Yunnan (1998:280) depụtara 5 olumba Lahu.

  • Lancang ( ọkọlọtọ ) olumba 澜沧标准音区片 (n'ọtụtụ mpaghara Lancang, Ximeng, Menglian, Cangyuan na Shuangjiang)
  • Olumba Nanmei南美土语群片 (na Nanmei Township 南美乡, Lincang County; Gengma County, na mpaghara ndị ọzọ dị nso)
  • Olumba Mojiang墨江土语群片 (na Pu'er, Simao, Mojiang, Xinping counties, wdg; Lahu Shi)
  • Olumba nke Menghai
  • Olumba Jinping-Lüchun金绿土语群片 (na mpaghara Jinping na Lüchun)

Omenala Taxonomy ndị Lahu na-ekewa ndị Lahu n'ime otu abụọ nke Black Lahu na Yellow Lahu; Red Lahu na White Lahu bụ ụyọkọ olumba ọhụrụ sitere na mmegharị Mesaịa n'ime narị afọ ole na ole gara aga. Black Lahu bụ olumba ọkọlọtọ na China, yana asụsụ franca n'etiti otu dị iche iche nke Lahu na Thailand. Agbanyeghị, ndị na-ekwu okwu Yellow Lahu nwere nghọta naanị na obere ihe isi ike. [2]

Bradley (1979)

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Dabere n'ọnụọgụ nke ihe ndị na-emekọrịta ihe, Bradley (1979) na-ahazi olumba Lahu dịka ndị a:

Lahu nkịtị
  • Nwa Lahu
    • Shehleh
    • (isi)
      • Black Lahu kwesịrị ekwesị
      • Uhie Lahu
  • Yellow Lahu
    • Bakeo
    • Banlan

Lama (2012)

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Lama (2012) na-enye nhazi ọkwa oge a maka ihe ọ kpọrọ Lahoid .

Lahoid
  • Lahu-Xi (Yellow Lahu)
  • (Ụyọkọ Black Lahu)
    • Lahu-Na (Black Lahu)
    • Lahu-Ni (Red Lahu)
    • Lahu-Pu (Ọcha Lahu)
    • Lahu-Shehleh

Jin (2007)

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Jin Youjing (2007) na-ahazi olumba Lahu dịka ndị a.

  • Lahu Na 拉祜纳(Black Lahu 黑拉祜): ihe dịka 80% nke Lahu niile
    • Olumba Xia'nanxian 下南现(Nanling Township 南岭乡)
    • Dongkahe 东卡河(Laba Township 拉巴乡) olumba
  • Lahu Xi 拉祜西(Yellow Lahu 黄拉祜): ihe dịka 20% nke Lahu niile
    • Olumba ugwu : Donghe 东河, Xincheng 新城, Qianliu 谦六, Wendong 文东, Fudong 富东, na Dashan 大山 obodo
    • Olumba etiti : Yakou 雅口, Qianmai 谦迈, na Yingpan 营盘 obodo
    • Olumba ndịda : Southern Nuofu 糯福(南), Northern Nuofu 糯福(北), na Huimin 惠民 obodo
  • Lahu Alai 拉祜阿莱: nke dị na Alai Dazhai 阿莱大寨, Fubang Township 富邦乡, Lancang County na obodo nta ndị ọzọ dị nso
  • Kucong 苦聪: dị na Jinping, Lüchun, Zhenyuan, na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.

Jin Youjing (1992) kpuchiri ala ala Lahu na asụsụ asụsụ n'uju.

Heh (2008)

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Heh (2008) depụtara olumba Lahu Shi (Yellow Lahu) dịka:

  • Mikeng
  • Nakeo
  • Lahu Aga (a na-akpọkwa Aphubele; a na-asụ na Laos)
  • Bakeo
  • Balan

Bradley (1979) kewara Lahu Aga dị ka Lahu Shi, mana Heh (2008) chọpụtara na ọ dị nso n'asụsụ Lahu Na (Black Lahu). Na Laos, e nwere ihe dị ka 9,000 Lahu Aga dị na Bokeo Province (ógbè Tonpheung, Muang Muang district, Houj Xai district, na mpaghara pụrụ iche nke Nam Yut) na Luang Namtha Province (ógbè Vieng Phoukha, Boten district, na Muang Long district) (Heh 2008: 161). Na Laos, ndị Lahu Aga dị ọtụtụ na mpaghara Tonpheung (na Baan Dong Keap, Baan Sam Sip, Baan Khi Lek, Baan Beu Neong, Baan Hoe Ong, na Baan Nan Fa obodo) na Vieng Phoukha district (na Baan Na Kat Tai, Baan Na KatNoua, Baan Pamak, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa Obodo Shin) (Heh 2008:161-162). A na-akpọkwa Yellow Lahu Lahu Kui Lung na Laos (Schliesinger (2003:110), ya na Kui pụtara 'ndị mmadụ'. Enwere ihe dị ka obodo 21 Lahu Aga na mpaghara Bokeo na Luang Namtha, gụnyere na Ban Don Keao, Bokeo, na Ban Na Kat Neua, onye si Yunnan, China kwaga na mbụ. (Hih 2008:8). Enwekwara ezinụlọ 11 Lahu Aga bi na Baan Son Pu Nong, Chiang Saen District, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. Heh (2008) na-enye data olumba Lahu Aga atụnyere maka:

  • Obodo Kat Neua, mpaghara Vieng Phoukha, mpaghara Luang Namtha
  • Obodo Don Keao, mpaghara Tonpheung, mpaghara Bokeo
  • Obodo Na Kha, Muang Muang Township, Bokeo Province

fonology

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Labial eze /



Alveolar 		Palatal Velar Uvula /



Glottal
Plosive enweghị olu p t c k q
<small id="mwASI">achọsi ike</small> pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ qʰ
kwuputara b d ɟ ɡ
Nke na-ese okwu enweghị olu f ʃ ( x ) h
kwuputara v ɣ
Ihu imi m n ŋ
Odika l j

Mgbanwe ụda

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Lama (2012) depụtara mgbanwe ụda ndị a sitere na Proto-Loloish dị ka ihe ọhụrụ Lahu.

  • sl- > x-
  • *z- > dz-
  • x- > x-

Ụtọ asụsụ

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Lahu nwere ụtọasụsụ yiri nke ahụ n'ọtụtụ asụsụ Tibeto-Burman . [3]

Okwu okwu

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N'okpuru, Okwu nkịtị nke asụsụ Lahu. [4]

IPA Gloss
tɔ̀-kɔ=ya Akha
qhɔ̀ʔ-la ntu
khɛ̂ nnukwu efere
unu ehi
nû-ɛ́ nwa ehi
kâlâ=g̤ ɔ̂-ma karọt (lit. akwukwo nri mba ọzọ )
ce-le onye ode akwukwo
pa-lûʔ ~ pa-lú azụ okpo
mɔ gosi
a-ví nwanne
hɔ́-yɛ temple
yo ee
qhɔ̀ʔ afọ

Hụkwa

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  • Asụsụ Kucong

Ihe ndetu

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district, Houj Xai district, na mpaghara pụrụ iche nke Nam Yut) na Luang Namtha Province (ógbè Vieng Phoukha, Boten district, na Muang Long district) (Heh 2008: 161). Na Laos, ndị Lahu Aga dị ọtụtụ na mpaghara Tonpheung (na Baan Dong Keap, Baan Sam Sip, Baan Khi Lek, Baan Beu Neong, Baan Hoe Ong, na Baan Nan Fa obodo) na Vieng Phoukha district (na Baan Na Kat Tai, Baan Na KatNoua, Baan Pamak, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa Obodo Shin) (ọdịda anyanwụ, Breen (2007) dere maka asụsụ " Karna -Mari fringe " bụ "òtù asụsụ na-akwụsị akwụsị, nke a na-akwadoghị nke ọma, gbasasịa n'etiti asụsụ Karnic na Mari ma

  1. ↑ 澜沧拉祜族自治县糯福乡南段村. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved on 2013-03-07.
  2. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Gordon
  3. ↑ Tibeto-Burman languages - Tibeto-Burman and areal grammar | Britannica.
  4. ↑ English-Lahu Lexicon. Matisoff, James A. (2006-04-01).

Isi mmalite

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  • Bradley (1979). Lahu dialects, Oriental monograph series #23. Canberra: Faculty of Asian Studies, Australian National University. OCLC 6303582. 
  • Matisoff (2006). English-Lahu Lexicon. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-09855-2. 
  • Phạm Huy (1997). Một phần chân dung: dân tộc La Hủ (nhật ký điền dã). Lai Châu: Sở văn hóa thông tin Lai Châu.
  • Reh. "Silenced Minorities", The Irrawaddy, August 2005. Retrieved on 2006-12-29.

Ọgụgụ ọzọ

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Njikọ mpụga

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