Asụsụ Lak

Lak (lakку маз, [lakːu maz] ) bụ asụsụ Northeast Caucasian na-etolite alaka nke ya n'ime ezinụlọ a. Ọ bụ asụsụ ndị Lak sitere na mba Russia kwụụrụ onwe ya nke Dagestan, ebe ọ bụ otu n'ime asụsụ isii ahaziri ahazi. Ihe dị ka mmadụ 157,000 na-asụ ya.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Na 1864 Russian ethnographer and linguist PK Uslar dere, sị: "Kazikumukh ụtọ asụsụ ma ọ bụ dị ka m na-akpọ ya maka nkenke n'asụsụ obodo, Lak ụtọ asụsụ, Lakku maz, asụsụ Lak, dị njikere".

Na 1890, PK Uslar chịkọtara akwụkwọ ọgụgụ na ụtọ asụsụ Lak akpọrọ Asụsụ Lak . O kwuru n'okpuru aha "Lak alphabet": "A na-ede mkpụrụedemede a chọrọ maka ndị na-akpọ onwe ha Lak, genitive Lakral. N'etiti ndị a, onye ọ bụla na-akpọ aha ya iche Lakkuchu 'Lakian man', nwanyị - Lakkusharssa 'Lakian nwaanyị'. Ala nna ha aha ya Lakral kIanu - 'Lak ebe'."

Lak kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ anabatala ọtụtụ okwu mbinye sitere na Arabic, Turkish, Persian na Russian . Ebe ọ bụ na Dagestan bụ akụkụ nke Soviet Union na mgbe e mesịrị Russia, akụkụ kasị ukwuu nke okwu mgbazinye sitere na Russian, karịsịa okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nkà na ụzụ. Enwere akwụkwọ akụkọ na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na Lak.

N'ime iwu nke Republic of Dagestan nke 1994, akpọrọ Lak dị ka asụsụ steeti yana Russian na ụfọdụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ bụ isi a na-asụ na Dagestan (ihe dị ka asụsụ 20 edeghị ede na enweghị ọkwa gọọmentị). A na-eji Lak eme ihe dị ka ihe nkuzi na ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị ma na-akụzi dị ka isiokwu na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ụlọ akwụkwọ aka na mahadum. Enwere akwụkwọ akụkọ Lak, "Ilchi".

Asụsụ Lak ọkọlọtọ dabere na olumba obodo Kumukh . Obodo a ekwesịghị inwe mgbagwoju anya na agbụrụ Kumyk, ndị Turkic nọkwa na Caucasus . Lak nwere olumba ndị a: Kumukh, Vitskhi, Arakul, Balkhar, Shadni, Shalib, Vikhli, Kuli na Kaya.

Na mbu, ahụrụ Lak site na lexicon dị nso na Dargin ma na-ejikọkarị ha abụọ n'otu obere mpaghara Lak–Dargin nke asụsụ Dagestani. Agbanyeghị, nyocha ọzọ emeela ka ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ kwubie na mkpakọrịta a ezughi oke.

Udaume

A na-ewepụta ụdaume ise dị ka /i, e, a, o, u/. Udaume atọ /i, a, u/ ka a na-edobekwa pharyngeal dị ka /iˤ, aˤ, uˤ/, na nwekwara allophones nke [e, æ, œ]. ^[1]

Usoro edemede

E ji ihe odide Arabic dee asụsụ Lak ruo 1928. E mesịa, e ji mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Latịn dee ya afọ iri, kemgbe afọ 1938 ka e dekwara ya n’asụsụ Cyrillic .

Mkpụrụedemede Lak na Cyrillic bu ụzọ tinye mkpụrụedemede 48 na emesịa mkpụrụedemede 54 nwere mkpụrụedemede abụọ dịka "тт", "пп", "чч", "хьхь", wdg.:

Tebụl ntụnyere odee

Achịkọtara dịka, ^[2] ^[3]

Ụtọ asụsụ

Lak bụ otu n'ime asụsụ North East Caucasian ole na ole nwere nkwekọrịta ọnụ maka mmadụ. Ọ na-egosipụtakarị naanị n'etiti ndị na-eme ihe omume na ndị na-abụghị okwu. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, akara nkwekọrịta nke mbụ na nke abụọ bụ otu.

	Otu	Ọtụtụ
1,2	-ra	-ru
3	-r / -ri / -∅

	Otu		Ọtụtụ
	Nke zuru oke	Oblique
1	na	tːu-	zu(-)
2	ina	wi-	zu(-)

Ntụaka

akụkụ nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Sambalic na Philippines na ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na ọ bụghị naanị achịchaasụsụ Mori Atas na-ekekọrịta mmekọrịta yaasụsụ Mori Atas na-ekekọrịta mmekọrịta ya

↑ Anderson (1997). Lak phonology. Kaye A (ed.), Phonologies of Asia and Africa (including the Caucasus): University of Chicago.
↑ Новый алфавит для народностей Дагестана. Культура и письменность Востока 176–177 (1928). Archived from the original on 2022-04-02.
↑ Lakh romanization (en). Institute of the Estonian Language (2003-04-27). Archived from the original on 2015-04-27. Retrieved on 2016-02-13.

Njikọ mpụga

[1] Anderson (1997). Lak phonology. Kaye A (ed.), Phonologies of Asia and Africa (including the Caucasus): University of Chicago.

[2] Новый алфавит для народностей Дагестана. Культура и письменность Востока 176–177 (1928). Archived from the original on 2022-04-02.

[3] Lakh romanization (en). Institute of the Estonian Language (2003-04-27). Archived from the original on 2015-04-27. Retrieved on 2016-02-13.

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