Asụsụ Lisu
Lisu ( mkpụrụedemede Fraser : ꓡꓲ-ꓢꓴ, ꓡꓲ‐ꓢꓴ ꓥꓳꓽ ma ọ bụ ꓡꓲꓢꓴ ; Latin : Lisu ngot ; Lisu syllabary:
; Chinese ; Burmese ,my ) bụ asụsụ Tibeto-Burman tonal a na-asụ na Yunnan (Southwestern China ), Northern Burma (Myanmar) na Thailand na obere akụkụ nke India . Ya na Lipo, ọ bụ otu n'ime asụsụ abụọ nke ndị Lisu . Lisu nwere ọtụtụ olumba sitere na obodo ha bi. A na-asụ asụsụ Hua Lisu, Pai Lisu na Lu Shi Lisu na China. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere nghọta n'etiti onwe ha, ụfọdụ nwere ọtụtụ okwu mbinye ego sitere na asụsụ ndị ọzọ karịa ndị ọzọ.
Asụsụ Lisu nwere njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ Lahu na Akha ma nweekwa asụsụ Burmese, Jingphaw na Yi .
Ọnụọgụ igwe mmadụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]M mmNa China, a na-ahụkarị ndị Lisu na Yunnan, ọtụtụ ndị bi na Nujiang na Weixi, kamakwa na Baoshan, Dehong, Lincang, Chuxiong, Luquan na Dali . Na Sichuan, ebe ha na-eme obere obere, ha na-asụkwa Lipo, na mgbe ụfọdụ a na-ekewa ha n'okpuru obodo Yi . A pụkwara ịhụ ọtụtụ Lisu na ndịda Tibet .
Na Myanmar, a na-asụ ya na Shan State, Kachin State, Sagaing Division na Mandalay Division . Yunnan dị n'akụkụ steeti abụọ a. Ọ bụ Sara Ba Thaw chepụtara mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Fraser na Myanmar.
N'India, a na-asụ ya na mpaghara Changlang nke Arunachal Pradesh yana ikekwe na mpaghara Tinsukia nke Assam . Hụ Lisu people § Lisu nọ na India maka ozi ndị ọzọ. A na-akpọ ndị Lisu nọ n’India Yobin.
[i]
Na Central Lisu, [i] a na-anụ dị ka syllabic [z̩] mgbe mgbe alveolar sibilant na-ada, na dị ka [ʐ̩] mgbe mgbe retroflex sibilant ụda. /ɑ/ a na-anụ ka ọ na-aga n'ihu [a] mgbe ị na-agbaso ụda alveolo-palatal.
/y/ is variable across dialects. It may be either endolabial or exolabial, central [ʉ] or even merged with /u/. The distinction between ɯ and ɤ is marginal, and both are written ⟨e⟩ in pinyin.
Ụda
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Lisu nwere ụda isii: elu [˥], Mid Creky [˦ˀ], etiti [˧], obere [˨˩], na-ebili [˧˥] na obere ego [˨˩ʔ] (ya bụ, [tá ta̰ ta tà tǎ tàʔ] ). N'asụsụ ụfọdụ ụda na-egbuke egbuke dị elu karịa ụda etiti, na ndị ọzọ ha nhata. Ụda na-arị elu anaghị adịkarị, mana a na-ahụkarị na okwu nwa ọhụrụ (nke nwere ụkpụrụ disyllabic dị ala na-ebili stereotypical); ma ụda dị elu na nke na-arị elu bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe ma e kwupụtasịrị ụdaume.
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | (Alveo-)<br id="mwAX8"><br><br><br> Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | sibilant | |||||||
| Ihu imi | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | h, h̃ | |||
| Na-egbu egbu / Mmekọrịta |
tenuis | p | t | ts | tʂ | tɕ | k | ʔ |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | tsʰ | tʂʰ | tɕʰ | kʰ | ||
| voiced | b | d | dz | dʐ | dʑ | ɡ | ||
| Nke na-ese okwu | voiceless | ( f ) | s | ʂ | ɕ | x | ||
| voiced | v ~ w | z | ʐ | j | ɣ | |||
| Na-aga n'ihu | l | |||||||
[v] and [w] are in complementary distribution, with [v] before front vowels. /f/ is marginal, occurring in a few words before /u/ or /y/. The subdialect Fraser first encountered also distinguishes a retroflex series, /tʂ tʂʰ dʐ ʂ ʐ/, but only before /ɑ/.
Ọkara glides na-apụta tupu /ɑ/ . Ndị a bụ /w/ ya na velars na /j/ na bilabials na /h̃ / . Mkpịsị aka nke ikpeazụ (lee rhinoglottophilia ) nwere allophone na-abụghị imi n'ime ihe dị mkpa [hɑ́] . /ɣ/ bụ naanị iche tupu /ɑ/ na n'asụsụ ụfọdụ ka ejikọtara ya na /j/ .
Na Central Lisu, /j/ enwere ike ịnụ dị ka alveolo-palatal [ʑ] mgbe tupu /i/ . Na Southern Lisu, velar plosives na-aghọ alveopalatal n'ihu ụdaume n'ihu. Udaume /u/ na /e/ kpalite mpụ na consonants ndị bu ụzọ, so /tu du te de/ na-akpọ [tfu dvu tje dje] .
Udaume /ɯ ɤ/ emela mmalite-ma ọ bụ, opekata mpe, n'ọnọdụ mbụ a na-akpọ ha [ɣɯ ɣɤ] . A na-arụ ụka na ụdaume mbụ /i e y u ɯ ɤ/ bụ ụda olu [ji je fy fu ɣɯ ɣɤ], yabụ consonants mbụ adịghị mkpa ka etinye ya n'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ (na oke /f/ enwere ike wepu ya na ngwa ngwa nke okwu obodo), ma ọ bụ na ha bụ ụda ụda /ʔV/, na nkwụsị glottal.
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Akpọrọ ọrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọgụgụ ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si], na mpaghara pụrụ iche nke Nam Yut) na Luang Namtha Province (ógbè Vieng Phoukha, Boten district, na Muang Long district) (Heh 2008: 161). Na Laos, ndị Lahu Aga dị ọtụtụ na mpaghara Tonpheung (na Baan Dong Keap, Baan Sam Sip, Baan Khi Lek, Baan Beu Neong, Baan Hoe Ong, na Baan Nan Fa obodo) na Vieng Phoukha district (na Baan Na Kat Tai, Baan Na KatNoua, Baan Pamak, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa, Baan NaPa Obodo Shin) (