Asụsụ Lo-Toga
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| Spoken in: | — | |
| Region: | — | |
| Total speakers: | — | |
| Language family: | Default | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | —
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| ISO 639-3: | — | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Lo-Toga bụ asụsụ Oceanic nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 580 na-asụ n'agwaetiti Lo na Toga, n'ime otu Torres nke ugwu Vanuatu . Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-akpọ asụsụ ahụ Loh [ ma ọ bụ Toga, na-eso nke ọ bụla n'ime olumba ya abụọ.
Aha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Akpọrọ asụsụ ahụ aha n'agwaetiti abụọ a na-asụ ya: Lo na Toga .
Ọnọdụ na olumba
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ndị na-ekwu okwu 580 ya na-ebikarị na Lo na Toga, bụ agwaetiti abụọ dị na ndịda ọkara nke otu Torres. Obere ndị bi n'agwaetiti abụọ ọzọ nke Linua na Tegua na-asụkwa otu asụsụ ahụ.
Lo-Toga n'onwe ya kewara ụzọ abụọ dị ezigbo nso, Lo (a na-asụ na Lo Island) na Toga (a na-asụ na Toga). Ndị bi na ugwu Vanuatu n'ozuzu anaghị ewepụta ihe dị iche n'etiti olumba na asụsụ.
N'aka nke ọzọ, Lo-Toga bụ asụsụ dị iche na asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke otu Torres, Hiw .
fonology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Olumba Lo nke Lo-Toga ji ụda olu dị iche iche consonants 16 na ụdaume iri na atọ.
Consonants
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Bilabial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Dorsal | Edepụtara ya<br id="mwUg"><br><br><br> velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ihu imi | m ⟨ m ⟩ | n ⟨ n ⟩ | ŋ ⟨ n̄ ⟩ | ŋʷ ⟨ n̄w ⟩ | ||
| Plosive | p ⟨ p ⟩ | t ⟨ t ⟩ | ʈ͡ʂ ⟨ d ⟩ | k ⟨ ⟩ | kʷ ⟨ ⟩ | |
| Nke na-ese okwu | β ⟨ v ⟩ | s ⟨ s ⟩ | ɣ ⟨ g ⟩ | h ⟨ h ⟩ | ||
| Rhotic | r ⟨ r ⟩ | |||||
| N'akụkụ | l ⟨ ⟩ | |||||
| Mmanya | w ⟨ ⟩ |
Udaume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ụdaume 13 nke olu olu Lo gụnyere 8 monophthongs /ie ɛ a ə ɔ o ʉ/, na diphthong ise /i͡e i͡a o͡ə o͡ɔ/.
| Monophthong | Diphthong | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N'ihu | Central | Azu | N'ihu | Azu | ||
| Mechie | i ⟨ i ⟩ | ʉ ⟨ u ⟩ | ||||
| N'etiti etiti | e ⟨ ẹ ⟩ | o ⟨ ọ ⟩ | i͡e ⟨ iē ⟩ | |||
| N'etiti | ⟩ ⟨ə | o͡ə ⟨ ⟩ | ||||
| Oghere-etiti | ɛ ⟩ ⟨ | ɔ ⟨ ⟩ | i͡ɛ ⟨ ië ⟩ | o͡ɔ ⟨ ⟩ | ||
| Mepee | a ⟨ ⟩ | i͡a ⟨ iya ⟩ | ||||
Nchegbu nwere ike ịdaba na mkpuruokwu penultimate ma ọ bụ nke ikpeazụ, na-echetara asụsụ Hiw agbata obi.
Ụtọ asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Lo-Toga na-enye ụdị dị iche iche nke ngwaa serialization .
Usoro nke nnochiaha onwe onye na-ama ọdịiche dị iche iche clusivity, ma na-amata ọnụọgụ atọ (otu, dual, plural).
Ya na onye agbata obi ya Hiw, Lo-Toga emepụtala usoro bara ụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ okwu, nke ụfọdụ ngwaa na-agbanwe mgbọrọgwụ ha dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke onye isi ha. Lo-Toga nwere ụdị ngwaa iri na asatọ.
Ntụaka gbasara oghere na Lo-Toga dabere na usoro ntụzịaka geocentric ( zuru oke ), nke dị n'otu akụkụ nke asụsụ Oceanic, ma bụrụ nke ọhụrụ.
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]nke ọnụ ọgụgụ okwu, nke ụfọdụ ngwaa na-agbanwe mgbọrọgwụ ha dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke onye isi ha. [1] Lo-Toga nwere
Akwụkwọ akụkọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- François (2015). "The ins and outs of up and down: Disentangling the nine geocentric space systems of Torres and Banks languages", in Alexandre François: The languages of Vanuatu: Unity and diversity, Studies in the Languages of Island Melanesia. Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics, 137–195. ISBN 978-1-922185-23-5.
- François (2019). "Verbal number in Lo–Toga and Hiw: The emergence of a lexical paradigm". Transactions of the Philological Society 117 (3): 338–371. DOI:10.1111/1467-968X.12168. .
- François (2021). Presentation of the Lo-Toga language and audio archive. Pangloss Collection. CNRS. Retrieved on 21 Feb 2022.