Asụsụ Longgu

 

Longgu (Logu) bụ asụsụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Solomonic nke Guadalcanal, mana sitere na Malaita .

fonology

fonology metụtara ụzọ asụsụ si eji ụda eme ihe iji mata ọdịiche dị n'okwu na ibe ya. [ 2 ] Na Longgu, e nwere ma consonants na ụdaume nke mebere mkpụrụedemede ya. Na mkpokọta, o nwere ụdaume ise dị iche iche na fọnịm iri na itoolu . [ 3 ] Dị ka omenala a na-emebu n'asụsụ Guadalcanal si dị, a na-ada ụda ụda dị iche iche. [ 4 ]

Consonants

Na Longgu, consonant fọnịm gụnyere:

		Labial		eze	Velar	Glottal
		Dị larịị	Edepụtara ya
Plosive	Enweghị olu	p		t	k	ʔ
	Ekwuru	b	bʷ	d	g
Fricatives	Enweghị olu			s
	Ekwuru	β		z		h
Ihu imi		m	mʷ		ŋ
N'akụkụ			l
Trill			r
Mmanya			w

Na Longgu, enwere nkwụsị ụda anọ na-enweghị olu gụnyere nkwụsị glottal . Nkwụsị olu Longgu niile anaghị agụsi agụụ ike, ebe a na-ebute ụzọ nkwụsị ya atọ. Prenasalization nke nkwusi olu na-apụtakwa ugboro ugboro na Longgu, ebe ọ na-esi na ya na-anụkwu okwu ọnụ. [ 3 ] Ọzọkwa, a na-amatakwa nkwụsị labial /bʷ/ dị ka nkwusi okwu /b/. Ọmụmaatụ:

1. B abasu na Bw abwasu (aha obodo) na-anabata ha abụọ.

N'asụsụ a, enwere fricative anọ, mana ọkachasị anyị nwere ike lelee fricative eze /z/ nke edekọtara. Na mgbakwunye, e dekọburu ọnụ interdental na-enweghị olu maka Longgu. Otu ihe atụ nke a bụ θae, nke pụtara 'imeju' na Bekee. Ọzọkwa, mgbe a na-emepụta consonants /s/ na /z/, ọnụ ire na-emetụ azụ nke ezé ala, na agụba na-emetụ n'ọnụ ọnụ. N'okpuru na-egosi otu ụzọ pere mpe nke na-egosipụta nkwenye abụọ dị iche iche: [ 5 ]

1. bisi "ebe aga mposi"
2. bizi "so (dị ka ọ dị na se bizi " ọ bụghị (ọtụtụ)")

Na mgbakwunye na consonants maka Longgu, a na-egosipụta consonants labial /bʷ/ na /mʷ/ dị ka fọnịm n'otu n'otu na-emegide fọnịm abụọ dị iche iche, dị ka /b/ na /w/ ma ọ bụ /m/ na /w/ n'ihi na enweghị mgbanwe ndị ọzọ nke consonant nke na-esochi glide (ie */dw/ na */gw/). Ya mere, a chọpụtala na enweghị ụyọkọ consonant na Longgu, ya mere a chọrọ nyocha nke fọnịm abụọ dị iche iche karịa otu fọnịm. [ 6 ]

Udaume

Ụdaume ụdaume na Longgu bụ:

	N'ihu	Azu
Elu	i	ị
N'etiti	e	o
Dị ala		a

Na Longgu, ụdaume abụọ ọ bụla nwere ike ime n'usoro ụdaume. A na-ewere usoro ụdaume dị ka ụdaume abụọ dị iche iche dabere na omume ha n'ihe gbasara iwu nrụgide na mmụgharị . N'okpuru bụ ihe atụ abụọ nke obere ụzọ abụọ na-egosipụta ọdịiche dị n'usoro ụdaume: [ 7 ]

(1)	eya-a	ae	'nze'
		aiai	'cassava'

Atụwara ụdaume azụ dị elu, nke dị na nke a /u/ dị ka mlide[w] tupu /i/ ma ọ bụ /a/. [ 8 ] Ọzọkwa, ọ dị ka enweghị ụdaume ogologo na Longgu, agbanyeghị na ụdaume ya niile nwere ike imepụta usoro ụdaume. Na Longgu, enweghị ike ịgbaji usoro ụdaume maka ebumnuche mmụgharị . [ 9 ]

phonotactics

N'ozuzu syllable Ọdịdị nke Longgu bụ (C)V(V), nke pụtara na usoro nke ahịrịokwu nhazi ga-; consonant, ngwaa na mgbe ahụ ụdaume. Mkpịsị aka ya niile na-eme tupu okwu ahụ ma ọ bụ n'etiti, n'agbanyeghị na ole na ole n'ime consonants ndị a ka amaara na ọ na-eme na mpaghara ụfọdụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, /z/ ga-eme naanị tupu /a/ na /u/. Nhazi mkpuruokwu a anaghị emetụta nnọchiaha abụọ nọọrọ onwe ha, dịka; ngaia 3rd onye otu, na gaoa 1st onye dual inclusive. Nchegbu dị na nnọchiaha aha abụọ a dị na syllable nke mbụ ( nga-ia na ga-oa) . Ọzọkwa, nkwusi okwu nwere ike ime naanị n'otu morpheme dị ka nkwụsị ọzọ ekwupụtara ma ọ bụrụ na ha abụọ bụ otu ma ọ bụ mee n'otu ebe a na-ekwu okwu . [ 9 ] Ọmụmaatụ:

1. dede-a 'juo ya'
2. gege 'beside'

Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na iwu a anaghị emetụta n'ofe oke morphemic niile dịka ọmụmaatụ, nkwubi okwu nwere nke ejikọtara na aha nwere ike ịgụnye nkwụsị ụda nke a na-eme n'ebe dị iche iche nke nkwupụta. Dịka ọmụmaatụ: [ 9 ]

1. gege-da 'n'akuku ha'

Mgbanwegharị

Udaume ọ bụla, gụnyere ụdaume geminate (ụdaume oyiri nke na-emesi ihe ọ pụtara ike) nwere ike ime ya na ụdaume ọ bụla ọzọ n'ime otu mkpụrụokwu. N'ihe gbasara consonants, consonants labial /pw/, /bw/ na /mw/ na-eme naanị n'ihu ụdaume na-abụghị okirikiri. Lee ihe atụ ndị a n'okpuru: [ 10 ]

   

Ee/enweghị ajụjụ

Ee/ mba ajụjụ yiri nkebiokwu nkwuputa n'usoro. Ha dị iche na ahịrịokwu nkwuputa naanị site na contour innation. N'ahịrịokwu nkwuputa, a na-ada ụda n'ofe ahịrịokwu ahụ. N'ahịrịokwu ajụjụ ajụjụ ọnụ a na-ebilite wee daa na okwu ikpeazụ. [ 55 ]

Ee/ mba ajụjụ nwere ike ịgụnye ntụzịaka urughuru hou “ebe ahụ”. Akụkụ a na-arụ ọrụ iji guzobe ahịrịokwu ajụjụ nke ọma karịa ahịrịokwu ajụjụ nke e hibere site na ntugharị naanị. [ 55 ]   Ee/ mba ọzịza (ya na ntughari okwu) bụ: [ 56 ]

ee	"ee"
bwala	"Mba"

Iji nweta obi abụọ banyere azịza ya, ọkà okwu na-eji ii (na-eji ụda olu na-arị elu). [ 56 ]

Iji zaghachi n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma maka ajụjụ njirimara, a na-eji quantifier bwala “ee e”. [ 56 ]   Iji zaghachi n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma na nzaghachi ajụjụ gbasara steeti, a na-eji nkebiokwu ngwaa nwere quantifier bwala “ọ dịghị, ọ dịghị” na akụkụ akụkụ (ma ihe na-aga n'ihu 'ua ma ọ bụ akụkụ ahụ zuru oke na / na'a ) (ya bụ bwala 'ua "akabeghị"; bwala na "abụghị ugbu a"). [ 56 ]   Azịza dị mma maka ee/enweghị ajụjụ na-ajụ maka njirimara nke ihe bụ ee "ee". Nzaghachi dị mma maka ee / mba gbasara ọnọdụ ihe ga-emeghachi ajụjụ ahụ ugboro ugboro. [ 56 ]  

Ntụaka

• Delahunty (1994). Language, grammar, and communication: A course for teachers of English. McGraw-Hill College. ISBN 978-0-07-022911-2. 
• Hill (2011). Longgu grammar, 1st, Munich: Lincom Europa. ISBN 978-3-86288-095-9. OCLC 776146445. 
  •   — original thesis
• Ivens (1934). "A Grammar of the Language of Longgu, Guadalcanal, British Solomon Islands". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 7 (3): 601–621. DOI:10.1017/S0041977X00138339. 
• Lynch (2002). The oceanic languages. Curzon Press. ISBN 978-0-7007-1128-4. 
• Ross (2004). "The morphosyntactic typology of Oceanic languages". Language and Linguistics 5 (2): 491–540. 

Njikọ mpụga

• Ihe ndekọ ELAR nke Ịkọ na Ịkwughachi: na-edekọ Longgu, asụsụ Oceanic nke Solomon Islands
• Ihe ndị dị na Longgu gụnyere na oghere oghere Arthur Capell ( AC2 ) nke Paradisec nwere.