Asụsụ Maʼanyan
| Language name | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | — | |
| Region: | — | |
| Total speakers: | — | |
| Language family: | Default | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | —
| |
| ISO 639-3: | — | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Ma'anyan ma ọ bụ Maʼanyan (nke a na-akpọkwa Maanjan ma ọ bụ ma ọ bụMaanyan Dayak) bụ akara Austronesian nke sitere n'Asụsụ East Barito. Ọ bụ ihe dị ka Ndị Ma'anyan 150,000 (otu n'ime Ndị Dayak) bi na mpaghara Central Kalimantan na South Kalimantan, Indonesia na-asụ ya. Ọ nwere njikọ njikọ chiri anya na Asụsụ Malagasy nke a na-asụ na Madagascar, ọ bụ ebe na ndị na-enwe ajụjụ a mmetụta ibe ha n'ihi nkewa ala.
Njikọ ya na Malagasy
[dezie | dezie ebe o si][1][2] Asụsụ Malagasy bụ egwu Austronesian a na-asụ na Madagascar, nke sitere na ala nna ya n'ihe ihe mere eme na South East Borneo . [1]. [3] [4] A maara na ndị Malay na Ndị Javanese wetara Ndị Ma'anyan dị ka ndị ọrụ na ndị ohu n'akpa mmiri mmiri ha, nke rutere Madagascar site na ca. 50-500 AD. [5][6][7] E nwere nnukwu okwu yiri ndị uwe ojii dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa tọrọ Barito dị ka Paku (77%) na Dusun Witu (75%). O mmeri ka ndị Madagascar enwetala nri na nkwa dị iche na South Borneo tupu ha agaa n'Ebe Ọwụwa agha Afrịka.[2] Dabere na ihe ahụmahụ, a tụwo aro na ndị mbịarambịa Madagascar mbụ Borneo na mbụ nke asaa AD, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị mgbe e ịhụnanya.
E jiri ya Malagasy, a na-eji "West Indonesian" (Malay-type) ndị na-arọ-a-afọ azụ mara Ma'anyan, n'ahụ nke ike ogologo oge nke Malay na-ama egwuregwu Indonesia. Ọ bụ ebe na Malagasy dị nso na ihe a na-akpọ "ụdị Philippines" (na-eyi ọtụtụ nke Philippines, Sabah, North Sulawesi, na Taiwan), ọ bụkwa ihe ọhụrụ na phonology, ịkpọ n'ihi ihe mere eme ya na Asụsụ Comorian..[3]
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | Templeeti:IPA link | Templeeti:IPA link | Templeeti:IPA link | Templeeti:IPA link | |
| voiced | Templeeti:IPA link | Templeeti:IPA link | Templeeti:IPA link | Templeeti:IPA link | ||
| Nasal | Templeeti:IPA link | Templeeti:IPA link | Templeeti:IPA link | Templeeti:IPA link | ||
| Fricative | Templeeti:IPA link | Templeeti:IPA link | ||||
| Trill | Templeeti:IPA link | |||||
| Lateral | Templeeti:IPA link | |||||
| Approximant | Templeeti:IPA link | Templeeti:IPA link | ||||
A pụkwara ịnụ /r/ dị ka ụda ụda [ɾ].
Mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| N'ihu | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|
| N'akụkụ | i | u |
| Emeghe | ɛ | a |
/i, u/ nwere ike ịnụ dị ka [ɪ, ʊ] na mkpụrụedemede mechiri emechi.[4]
Okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ntụnyere okwu n'etiti Malay, Banjarese, Ma'anyan, na Malagasy.
| Malay | Banjarese | Ma'anyan | Malagasy | Bekee |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| monyet | warik | warik | varika ('lemur') | enwe |
| bemban | bamban | waman | ||
| bulian | balian | wadian | ||
| patih | patih | patis | onye na-achị achị | |
| lama | lawas | lawah | lava | ogologo (dị ka oge) |
| kawan | kawal | kawal/hengau | namana | enyi |
| obat | tatamba | tatamba | tambavy | ọgwụ |
| senang | aray | aray | obi ụtọ, dị mfe | |
| masih | magun | pagun | ka ọ nọgide na-anọ...ing | |
| arya | aria | uria | ||
| demang | damang | damhong | ududo |
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Adelaar (1995). "Asian Roots of the Malagasy: A Linguistic Perspective" (in en). Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 151: 325–356. DOI:10.1163/22134379-90003036. ISSN 0006-2294.
- ↑ Adelaar (2006). "Borneo as a Cross-Roads for Comparative Austronesian Linguistics", in Bellwood: The Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives (in en). Canberra: ANU E Press, 81–102. DOI:10.22459/A.09.2006.04. ISBN 1-920942-85-8. OCLC 225298720.
- ↑ Adelaar (2006). "The Indonesian migrations to Madagascar: making sense of the multidisciplinary evidence", in Simanjuntak: Austronesian Diaspora and the Ethnogeneses of People in Indonesian Archipelago: Proceedings of the International Symposium (in en). Jakarta: LIPI Press, 205–232. ISBN 979-26-2436-8. OCLC 73745051. Retrieved on 10 April 2024.
- ↑ Gudai (1988). A Grammar of Maanyan, A Language of Central Kalimantan. Australian National University.
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Asụsụ Ma'anyan na ụtọ asụsụ (n'asụsụ Ma'anyan)