Asụsụ Maʼya

Ma ʼ ya bụ asụsụ Austronesia nke agwaetiti Raja Ampat dị na Southwest Papua, Indonesia. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke otu mpaghara South Halmahera–West New Guinea (SHWNG) na ihe dị ka mmadụ 6,000 na-asụ ya n'ime ime obodo dị n'ụsọ osimiri dị n'agwaetiti Misool, Salawati, na Waigeo, ^[1] n'ókè dị n'etiti asụsụ Austronesian na asụsụ Papuan .

Olumba

Ma ʼ ya nwere olumba ise: atọ dị n'àgwàetiti Waigeo ( Laganyan, Wauyai, na Kawe ), otu na Salawati, na otu na Misool . ^[2] Olumba a ma ama bụ nke dị na Salawati. Ụdị dị ^{[ ] a} na-asụ na Salawati na Misool bụ ihe omume /s/ ji mara. na /ʃ/ N'okwu ụfọdụ, ebe olumba Waigeo (na asụsụ SHWNG ndị ọzọ metụtara) nwere /t/ na /c/ n'otu n'otu. ^[1]

Na agwaetiti Waigeo, olumba atọ a bụ : 6

Olumba Kawe dị na obodo Selpele na Salyo dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke agwaetiti ahụ.
A na-asụ olumba Laganyan n'ime obodo Araway, Beo na Luptinol dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri Mayalibit Bay.
A na-asụ olumba Wauyai/Wawiyai n'ime obodo Wawiyai dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri Kabui Bay.

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	enweghị olu	p	t		k	( ʔ )
Plosive	kwuputara	b	d		ɡ
Ihu imi		m	n		( ŋ )
Nke na-ese okwu		f	s
Kpatụ			ɾ
N'akụkụ			l
Odika		w		j

Enwere ike ịnụ consonants iri na abụọ ka palatalized /pʲ, bʲ, tʲ, dʲ, kʲ, ɡʲ/ ; /fʲ, sʲ/ ; /mʲ, nʲ, lʲ, wʲ/ .
Mgbe n'ọnọdụ okwu-ikpeazụ, plosive isii nwere ike ime dị ka ewepụtaghị [p̚, b̚, t̚, d̚, k̚, ɡ̚], nakwa imi [m̚, n̚, ŋ̚] .
/l/ enwere ike ịnụ ka retroflex [ɭ] n'ọnọdụ okwu-ikpeazụ, na mgbe ejiri ụdaume azụ buru ya ụzọ.
/s/ enwere ike ịkpọ dị ka [ʃ] mgbe n'etiti abụọ /i/ ụdaume .
/ɾ/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka trill [r], mgbe nọ n'ọnọdụ okwu-ikpeazụ.
/n/ enwere ike ịnụ dị ka velar [ŋ], mgbe velar na-aga n'ihu. [ŋ] nwekwara ike ịbụ fọnịm mbinye ego.
Ihe nkwụsị glottal [ʔ] a na-anụkarị na ụda ụda, n'ọnọdụ mmalite okwu tupu ụdaume mbụ.
Ụda ndị ọzọ /ɦ, x, z/ nwekwara ike ime n'ihi okwu mbinye Arabic na Indonesian.

Udaume

Hụkwa

Asụsụ Matbat, asụsụ agbata obi nwere mmetụta Papuan dị oke egwu yana ụda ise.

Ntụaka

nwere, ma nwee ike igosi isiokwu ma ọ bụ ihe dị na nkebiokwu ngwaa. Usoro

1 2 Remijsen (2001). "Dialectal Variation in the Lexical Tone System of Ma'ya". Language and Speech 44 (4): 473–499. DOI:10.1177/00238309010440040301. PMID 12162695. Remijsen, Bert (2001). "Dialectal Variation in the Lexical Tone System of Ma'ya". Language and Speech. 44 (4): 473–499. doi:10.1177/00238309010440040301. PMID 12162695. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "remijsen" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Arnold (2018). "A preliminary archaeology of tone in Raja Ampat", in Antoinette Schapper: Contact and substrate in the languages of Wallacea, Part 2, NUSA Vol. 64, 7–37.

Ọgụgụ ọzọ

van der Leeden (1993). MaTempleeti:Hamzaya: Phonology. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, 97. ISBN 9789798258015.

[remijsen-1] 1 2 Remijsen (2001). "Dialectal Variation in the Lexical Tone System of Ma'ya". Language and Speech 44 (4): 473–499. DOI:10.1177/00238309010440040301. PMID 12162695. Remijsen, Bert (2001). "Dialectal Variation in the Lexical Tone System of Ma'ya". Language and Speech. 44 (4): 473–499. doi:10.1177/00238309010440040301. PMID 12162695. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "remijsen" defined multiple times with different content

[2] Arnold (2018). "A preliminary archaeology of tone in Raja Ampat", in Antoinette Schapper: Contact and substrate in the languages of Wallacea, Part 2, NUSA Vol. 64, 7–37.

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