Asụsụ Mednyj Aleut

mixed language, asụsụ, modern language
mba/obodo	Mpaghara Russia
ụmụ amaala ka	Nikolskoye, Kamchatka Krai
dabere na	Asụsụ Aleut, Russian
usoro ederede	no value
Ọkwa asụsụ UNESCO	5 critically endangered
Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue	8b Nearly Extinct

Mednyj Aleut (nke a na-akpọkwa Copper Island Creole ma ọ bụ Copper Island Aleut ^[1] ) bụ asụsụ agwakọtara a na-asụ na Bering Island .

A na-eji Mednyj Aleut mara site na ngwakọta nke ihe ndị Russia na Aleut (nke bụ Attu ) n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ụtọasụsụ ahụ, mana nke kachasị na nhazi okwu. ^[1] Akụrụngwa Aleut nwere ọtụtụ n'ime okwu ndị ahụ, morphology niile nke ewepụtara, akụkụ nke okwu okwu dị mfe, ntụgharị aha na ụfọdụ ụzọ ụtọasụsụ ndị ọzọ. Akụkụ ndị Rọshịa na-agụnye ntụgharị okwu, mgbagha, ụdị enweghị njedebe, akụkụ nke okwu nrịanrịa dị mfe na syntax nkebi ahịrịokwu niile. ^[2]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Na mbụ, asụsụ Alaskan Creoles na-asụ na Copper Island, si ebe ọ na-ewe aha ya. Ndị Alaska Creoles bụ ụmụ nwoke promyshlenniki nke ụlọ ọrụ Russia-American Company (RAC) na Aleut na ụmụ nwanyị Alutiiq na-arụrụ ọrụ, wee guzobe ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta mana ndị nwere mmetụta na Russian Alaska . Ha bụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ abụọ n'asụsụ Rọshịa na Aleut, ndị RAC kọwakwara ha dị ka otu ọha mmadụ pụrụiche dị elu. ^[3]

N'ihi mmụba n'asụsụ Russian na 1940s, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi na ya gbanwere iji Russian kama Mednyj Aleut. Na 1970, a kpọgara ndị niile bi na Medny Island na Bering Island. Ọ bụ ndị ọkà okwu abụọ merela agadi na Nikolskoe (Bering Island) kwuru ya ruo 2022.

fonology

Consonants

Ndepụta consonant nke Mednyj Aleut na-enwekarị fọnịm kesara n'etiti Aleut na Russian. The aspirated sonorants / m ^h /, / n ^h /, / l ^h / na / j ^h /, na uvulars / χ/ na / ʁ/, si Aleut na-adịghị adị na Russian, mgbe labials, na-akwụsị / p / na / b/, na fricatives / f / na / v/ si Russian na-adịghị adị na Aleut. A na-ejikarị labials eme ihe n'okwu sitere na Russian, ebe a na-eji sonorants na-achọ naanị n'okwu Aleut nke ala. ^[3]

Consonants nke Mednyj Aleut
		Labial		eze		Palatal		Velar	Uvula	Glottal
		plain	asp.	plain	asp.	plain	asp.	Velar	Uvula	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p		t		c		k	q
Plosive	voiced	b		d
Fricatives	voiceless	f				s ʃ		x	χ
Fricatives	voiced	v				z ʒ		ɣ	ʁ
Ọnụ imi		m	mʰ	n	nʰ			ŋ
Mmiri mmiri		w		r		j	jʰ			h
N'akụkụ				l	lʰ

Udaume

Ndekọ ụdaume nke Mednyj Aleut nwere ụzọ abụọ nke ụdaume atọ sitere na Aleut (/i/, /u/, /a/) na ụzọ abụọ, /o/ na /e/, sitere na Russian. A na-echekwa ogologo ụdaume n'ime okwu mgbazinye Aleut, a na-agbatịkwa ụdaume n'okwu mmechi ntugharị ọnụ nke e sitere na Russian. ^[3]

Udaume nke Mednyj Aleut
	N'ihu	Central	Azu
Mechie	i i:		u u:
N'etiti	e e:		o o:
Mepee		a a:

Syntax

Mednyj Aleut nwere syntax nke metụtara ndị Rọshịa. Karịsịa, ọ nwere usoro okwu efu n'efu ma e jiri ya tụnyere Aleut, nke bụ nnọọ SOV . Otú ọ dị, mgbe ihe kpọmkwem n'ahịrịokwu bụ aha nkeonwe ma ọ bụ mgbe ihe mgbakwunye na ahịrịokwu bụ okwu Aleut, a na-eji usoro okwu SOV eme ihe. A na-ejikwa ndị mmeju ndị Russia, njikọ na ọtụtụ wh-okwu : Na mgbakwunye, negation yiri Russian: a na-eji prefix Russia ni- dị ka suffix na-adịghị mma na nkebiokwu netu / nitu(ka) A na-eji ('e nweghị') dị ka ihe owuwu adị adị pụrụ iche na-adịghị mma.

Hụkwa

Chinook Jargon
Haida Jargon
Kyakhta Russian-Pidgin Chinese
Ninilchik
Ọkpụkpụ Jargon
Russenorsk

Nkọwapụta

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Campbell (14 July 2016). North American Indian languages. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved on 5 April 2022.Campbell, Lyle; Bright, William O. (14 July 2016).
↑ Donald Winford (10 January 2003). An Introduction to Contact Linguistics. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9780631212515.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Sekerina (January 1994). "Copper Island Aleut: A Mixed Language". Languages of the World (8). Retrieved on 5 April 2022. Sekerina, Irina A (January 1994).

Isi mmalite

https://web.archive.org/web/20120222100903/http://languageserver.uni-graz.at/ls/art?id=981
(15 ndị na-ekwu okwu nke ọma na ngwụcha afọ 1980.)
http://archives.conlang.info/so/gentua/vonjhuanjhian.html

[Britannica-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Campbell (14 July 2016). North American Indian languages. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved on 5 April 2022.Campbell, Lyle; Bright, William O. (14 July 2016).

[2] Donald Winford (10 January 2003). An Introduction to Contact Linguistics. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9780631212515.

[Sekerina-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Sekerina (January 1994). "Copper Island Aleut: A Mixed Language". Languages of the World (8). Retrieved on 5 April 2022. Sekerina, Irina A (January 1994).

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