Asụsụ Mehweb
Mehweb (Mehweb: мехӀвела мез, meħʷela mez [1] ) ma ọ bụ Megeb bụ asụsụ Dargin, a na-ewerekarị dị ka olumba nke asụsụ Dargwa jikọrọ ọnụ, nke a na-asụ n'ime obodo Megeb na Dagestan, yana ndị bibu obodo ahụ kwagara n'obodo ukwu, ihe dị ka mmadụ 800 ruo 900. [2]
Nkesa ala
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mehweb dịpụrụ adịpụ na ụdị Dargwa ndị ọzọ niile ma mpaghara Avar - na ndị na-asụ asụsụ Lak gbara ya gburugburu. Ndị niile na-asụ asụsụ Mehweb sitere na Megeb, gụnyere ndị kwagara obodo ukwu. A na-asụ ụfọdụ Mehweb n'ime obodo Avar dị nso nke Obokh . Enweghị mgbanwe asụsụ na-eme n'ime obodo, mana ọtụtụ asụsụ na Russian abawanyela kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ. [2] Asụsụ gọọmentị na mpaghara ahụ bụ Avar, nke a na-akụziri ndị na-asụ Mehweb n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, n'ihi ya, ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ. [3]
Nhazi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọ bụ ezie na Mehweb bụ onye nnọchiteanya nke ngalaba ugwu nke Dargin, mwepu ya, nke e mere atụmatụ na ọ ga-esi na 300 ruo 1000 afọ, jikọtara ya na mmepe nke njirimara dị iche iche na mmetụta sitere na Avar na Lak, emeela ka ọtụtụ ndị na-ewere ya dị ka asụsụ dị iche. [4] Asụsụ Dargin ndị ọzọ enweghị ike ịghọta ya kpamkpam. [5]
fonology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Consonants
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mehweb nwere consonants 41. Gemination anaghị eme.
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Epiglottal | Glottal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | lab. | plain | lab. | plain | lab. | plain | lab. | plain | lab. | ||||||
| Plosive | voiced | b | d | ɡ | ɡʷ | ||||||||||
| voiceless | p | t | k | kʷ | q | qʷ | (ʡ)1 | (ʡʷ)1 | ʔ | ʔʷ | |||||
| ejective | pʼ | tʼ | kʼ | kʷʼ | qʼ | qʷʼ | |||||||||
| Fricative | voiced | z | ʒ | (ɣ)2 | ʁ | ʁʷ | (ɦ)3 | ||||||||
| voiceless | s | ʃ | x | xʷ | χ | χʷ | ħ | ħʷ | (ʜ)1 | (ʜʷ)1 | h | hʷ | |||
| Affricate | voiced | (d͡z)4 | (d͡ʒ)4 | ||||||||||||
| voiceless | t͡s | t͡ʃ | |||||||||||||
| ejective | t͡sʼ | t͡ʃʼ | |||||||||||||
| Sonorant | m w | n l r5 | j | ||||||||||||
A na-ahụta n'ọkpụkpụ pharyngealization ka ọ bụ nke suprasegmental, n'ihi na ejikọtaghị ya na consonant ma ọ bụ ụdaume ọ bụla akọwapụtara. Ọ na-ebute epiglottalization nke glottal fọnịm na centralization nke ụdaume. [2]
Udaume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| N'ihu | Azu | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| larịị | phar. | larịị | phar. | |
| Mechie | i | ( iˤ ) | u | ( uˤ ) |
| N'etiti | e | ( eˤ ) | oˤ | |
| Mepee | a | aˤ | ||
Ogologo ụdaume abụghị ụda ụda. Udaume [ iˤ ], [ eˤ ], na [ uˤ ] dị ụkọ na ọnọdụ ha amabeghị nke ọma, na ụdaume ndị ọzọ pharyngealized bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. [2]
Usoro edemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mehweb bụ asụsụ edeghị ede, ndị na-asụ asụsụ na-eji Avar ma ọ bụ Russian ede ihe. Ọ dịghị ihe àmà na-egosi na e ji Arabic ma ọ bụ Cyrillic dee Mehweb n'oge gara aga, n'adịghị ka Archi . [2]
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Коряков (2021). "Даргинские языки и их классификация", in Майсак: Дурхъаси Хазна. Сборник Статей К 60-Летию Р. О. Муталова / Ред. Т. А. Майсак, Н. Р. Сумбатова, Я. Г. Тестелец. М.: Буки Веди (in ru). Буки Веди, 139–154. ISBN 978-5-6045633-5-9.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 (2019) in Daniel: The Mehweb language: essays on phonology, morphology and syntax, Languages of the Caucasus. Berlin, Germany: Language Science Press. ISBN 978-3-96110-209-9. Daniel, Michael; Dobrušina, Nina Rolandovna; Ganenkov, Dmitry, eds. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Kozhukhar (September 2017). "Universal Dependencies for Dargwa Mehweb". Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling 2017): 92–99.
- ↑ Daniel (2022-04-26). "Double causatives, lability and elusive agent in Mehweb" (in en). STUF - Language Typology and Universals 75 (1): 73–97. DOI:10.1515/stuf-2022-1049. ISSN 1867-8319.
- ↑ Муталов (2021-03-07). "КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ДАРГИНСКИХ ЯЗЫКОВ И ДИАЛЕКТОВ". Sociolingvistika 3 (7): 8–25. DOI:10.37892/2713-2951-3-7-8-25. ISSN 2713-2951.