Asụsụ Mono-Alu

Mono, ma ọ bụ Alu, bụ asụsụ Oceanic nke Solomon Islands kọrọ na ndị 660 na-asụ na Treasury Island (Mono proper), 2,270 na Shortland Island (olumba Alu), na 14 na Fauro Island na 1999.

fonology

A mụọla asụsụ Mono-Alu nke ukwuu site n'aka Joel L. Fagan, onye nyocha maka Ngalaba Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies na Mahadum Mba Australia . Edemede ya, "A Grammatical Analysis of Mono-Alu (Bougainville Straits, Solomon Islands)," bụ otu n'ime ntụgharị asụsụ na naanị nyocha nke asụsụ Mono-Alu.

Fagan kwuru na asụsụ Mono-Alu nwere fọnịm iri abụọ na asatọ . Ha bụ diphthong itoolu, ụdaume ise na consonants iri na anọ mebere mkpụrụ akwụkwọ .

Mkpụrụedemede Alu

1. Mkpụrụedemede Alu nwere mkpụrụedemede iri na itoolu: A, B, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U na V.
2. N'ime mkpụrụedemede ndị a, a na-ejikarị D eme ihe kama R maka euphony, mana ejiri ya ugbu a n'okwu ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ aha mba ọzọ ewepụtara n'asụsụ ahụ.
3. F nwere ike dochie H mgbe ụfọdụ.

Ịkpọ okwu

Ịkpọ ụdaume

• A na-akpọkarị 'a' dị ka ọ dị larịị
  • A na-akpọ 'a' mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ngwa ngwa
• 'e' ka a na-akpọkarị na iri
• A na-akpọ 'i' mgbe niile dị ka na tin
• A na-akpọ 'o' mgbe niile ka ọ bụghị
• A na-akpọ 'u' mgbe niile ka etinyere ya

Mkpọpụta nke diphthongs

• a na-akpọ ai “aye” – eg .
  • mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-akpọ mkpụrụedemede iche iche
• ei enweghị ụda dakọtara na bekee.
• a na-akpọ oi "oy" - eg ('akụm').
  • mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-akpọ mkpụrụedemede iche iche. - eg ('echo').
• ui ejiri mee diphthong - eg ('swallow')
  • eji iche - eg ('nwa') ma ewezuga 

Mkpọkpọ consonants

• a na-akpọ g mgbe niile ka ọ dị na , giddy . A naghị eji Q dị ka a na-eme ebe ọzọ. N'ebe a kwa, edere okwu ndị a ka dịka (kama ), , , . Mgbe, iche, n na-eso g dị ka ọ dị na , n'ihi ịkpọpụta imi, a na-emesi n'ike n'ihe dị ka Choiseul .
• a na-akpọ ng dị ka n'asụsụ bekee ewezuga , ụda gị mgbe niile ịbụ nke Latin.
  • na-akpọ dị ka òtù
  • akpọpụtara dị ka 'mgbanaka'
  • akpọpụtara dị ka 'ogologo'
  • akpọpụtara dị ka 'ezighị ezi'

Consonants ndị ọzọ nwere otu ụda dị na bekee.

	Labial	Coronal	Velar	Glottal
imi	m	n	ŋ
Plosive	p b	t	k g	ʔ
Nke na-ese okwu		s		h
Kpatụ		ɾ
Odika	( w )	l	( j )

• /b/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka fricatives [β, v] n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ.
• Enwere ike ịnụ /ɡ/ dị ka [ɣ] na mgbanwe n'efu.
• /ɾ/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka [d] na mgbanwe n'efu n'ime ọnọdụ mmalite okwu, ma ọ bụ dị ka [dɾ] mgbe ị na-eso imi.

	N'ihu	Central	Azu
Elu	i		u
N'etiti	ɛ		ɔ
Dị ala		ɐ

• /u, i/ ka a na-anụ dị ka glides [w, j] n'ime gburugburu ụdaume.

Ọnụọgụ

Usoro ọnụọgụ nke Mono-Alu yiri asụsụ Austronesia ndị ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Mono-Alu na-ekerịta ọnụọgụ 'abụọ' ( ) na 'ise' ( ) na asụsụ Hawai . Nọmba maka 'efu' dị n'asụsụ ahụ, mana ọ nọ n'otu okwu ahụ 'ọ dịghị ihe.' Fagan chọpụtara ọnụọgụgụ site na otu ruo puku iri na Mono-Alu.

Cardinal	English
	nothing
(or )	one
	two
	three
	four
	five
	six
	seven
	eight
	nine
	ten
	eleven
	twelve
	thirteen
	fourteen
	fifteen
	sixteen
	seventeen
	eighteen
	nineteen
(or )	twenty
(or )	thirty
(or )	forty
(or )	fifty
	sixty
	seventy
	eighty
(or )	ninety
	one-hundred
	two-hundred
	one-thousand
	two-thousand
	ten-thousand

			Aha aha	Obj	Suffix	Ndị ọzọ
1st onye	otu
	otutu	nanị			,
		na-agụnye
Nke abụọ onye	otu
	otutu
Nke atọ onye	otu		---	,
	otutu		---	,

Mgbakwunye

Mono-Alu bụ kpọmkwem gbasara adverbs na ngwaa ndị ọzọ. Enwere ike iji prefix, infix, na suffix gbanwee ngwaa.

Prefixes		Infixes		Suffixes
	prefix ikwu, ụzọ ọzọ , ,		infix na-egosi mmecha		ebe a, pụọ
	prefix na-akpata, na-aghọ tupu a, ọzọ ụdị		otu ibe ya (infix reciprocal), ụdị ọzọ		ebea, ebe ahu, uzo ozo
	infix ma ọ bụ prefix na-egosi omume ma ọ bụ steeti.		n'ebe ọzọ, gaa n'ebe ọzọ
			ọnụ, n'otu oge ahụ, ọzọ
			ọzọ (na-emekwa onwe ya)
			na-eme ka a otutu
			ruo ike gwụrụ, ruo ogologo oge, ọzọ ụdị

	place where or whither,  alternate form occurs after a
	added to the first of two names gives the meaning 'and', alternate form m
	denotes addition, 'and', 'with'

	'of', especially before , alternate forms , ,
	'what?'
	often found after verbs and other words, alternate forms , , ,
	particle, most often after the first word in a sentence, untranslatable; 'so, therefore' at the beginning of a sentence, also used with pronoun forms to emphasise them: , , , , , etc.
	equivalent to copula, alternate form
	strengthens the idea of repetition or duration

Ụdị ụtọ asụsụ

Enwere ụzọ abụọ esi egosipụta ọdịiche dị na grammatical okike :

1. Site n'okwu dị iche iche: - eg
   • 'mmadụ' - 'nwanyị'
   • 'ndị ikom' - 'ụmụ nwanyị'
   • 'headman' - 'onye isi'
   • 'nna nna ya' - 'nne nne ya'
   • 'ochie nwoke' (di) - 'agadi nwanyi' (nwunye)
2. Site na iji ord  na-egosi mmekọahụ: – eg
   • 'nwa' (nwoke) - 'nwa' (nwanyị)
   • 'boar' - 'akụ' ( na a na-eji maka anụmanụ naanị)

N'ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ, ọ dịghị ihe dị iche n'etiti nwoke, nwanyị na neuter.

Okwu okwu

Achọpụtala ụfọdụ ihe dị n'ime iwu Mono-Alu.

adverbs abụọ nke ebe, kama iji consonant abuo dee, ka e ji otu na-emesi ike dee ya.

• eg (kama ) - 'Ebe a'
• (kama ) - 'Ebe ahụ'

Kama aspirate h, enwere ike iji leta f :

1. n'ime ngwaa bu ihe kpatara (ma ọ bụ )
   • eg (ma ọ bụ ) - 'ka bịa'
2. na ngwaa nke prefix bu ụzọ (ma ọ bụ ) nke pụtara mmekọ ọnụ ma ọ bụ abụọ
   • eg (ma ọ bụ ) - 'mon' 
   • (ma ọ bụ ) - 'M, mba'

Akụkọ

Enweghị akụkọ doro anya na Alu. Nọmba A na-eji ('otu') dị ka akụkọ na-enweghị njedebe.