Asụsụ Mufian
Mufian (Muhian, Muhiang), ma ọ bụ Southern Arapesh, bụ asụsụ Arapesh ( Torricelli ) nke Papua New Guinea . Olumba bụ Supari, Balif, Filifita (Ilahita), Iwam-Nagalemb, Nagipaem ; Ndị na-asụ Filifita bụ ọkara ndị mmadụ, na 6,000 na 1999. A na-asụ ya n'ime obodo 36, ọtụtụ n'ime ha dị n'ime Bumbita-Muhian Rural LLG, East Sepik Province . A na-asụkwa ya na ngalaba Supari nke Albiges-Mablep Rural LLG . [1] [2]
fonology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| larịị | labialized | larịị | labialized | ||||
| Ihu imi | m | n | |||||
| Kwụsị | voiceless | p | t | k | kʷ | ʔ | ʔʷ |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ɡʷ | |||
| Nke na-ese okwu | f | s | h | ||||
| Odika | w | l | |||||
/ʔʷ/ bụ nkwụsị glottal agbakọtara ọnụ nke na-eme ka egbugbere ọnụ na-eme naanị n'ọnọdụ okwu ikpeazụ. [4]Foley (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs", in Palmer: The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide, The World of Linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 197–432. DOI:10.1515/9783110295252-003. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7. </ref> : 311
| N'ihu | Central | Azu | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elu | i | u | |
| N'etiti | e | ə | o |
| Dị ala | æ | ɑ |
Nkpọaha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpọaha aha ndịda Arapesh bụ: [4]
Klas aha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Enwere klaasị iri na asaa maka ịgụta aha na Mufian, gbakwunyere klaasị abụọ, ya bụ aha kwesịrị ekwesị na aha ebe. A na-akọwapụta klaasị aha aha na suffixes, adjective suffixes, na prefixes ngwaa.
Ọ bụ ezie na Southern Arapesh nwere ihe karịrị klaasị iri na abuo, ọ bụ naanị klas anọ ka a na-ekpebi site na semantics, ebe a na-ekpebi klaasị aha ndị ọzọ na phonologically site na iji akụkụ mgbọrọgwụ ikpeazụ (nke a na-ahụkarị nke asụsụ Sepik Lower ). Klaasị aha anọ a ekpebiela n'usoro bụ: [4]
- klas 16: ndị nwoke na-ezo aka
- klas 8: ụmụ nwanyị na-ezo aka
- Klas 5: Ndị na-ezo aka n'ihe gbasara mmekọahụ na-akọwaghị (ma eleghị anya ọ dị ntakịrị, ebe ọ bụ na ụmụaka gụnyere)
- Klas 6: ndị na-ezo aka n'ihe gbasara mmekọahụ
A na-ekpebi ndị otu klaasị iri na abụọ ndị ọzọ n'ụdị ụda olu, site na akụkụ ikpeazụ nke mgbọrọgwụ, dị ka ọ dị n'asụsụ Sepik Lower . [4]
Ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke klaasị aha Mufian sitere na Alungum (1978): [5]
Enwere ezighi ezi ole na ole na klaasị aha ndị a. [5]
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Paradaịsc nwere nchịkọta ihe na Don Laycock ( DL1 ) nke gụnyere ihe Mufian
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Eberhard:Papua New Guinea languages. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. SIL International (2019).
- ↑ United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup. Humanitarian Data Exchange.
- 1 2 Conrad (May 1992). Mufian Organised Phonology Data. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved on 2025-03-12.Conrad, R. J. (May 1992). (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 Foley (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs", in Palmer: The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide, The World of Linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 197–432. DOI:10.1515/9783110295252-003. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7. Foley, William A. (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432. doi:10.1515/9783110295252-003. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- 1 2 Alungum (1978). Some Muhiang Grammatical Notes. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.