Asụsụ Na
Na (ma ọ bụ Narua, Mosuo ) bụ asụsụ nke ngalaba Naish nke otu Naic nke asụsụ Sino-Tibet .
Ụdị dị iche iche
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Yongning Na, nke a na-asụ na Yongning Township, Ninglang County, Lijiang, Yunnan, China, bụ Jacques and Michaud (2011) dekọtara. Ọ nwere ọkwa atọ tonal. [1] Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu atọ dị n'ịntanetị. [2]
Lataddi Narua bụ onye ama ama maka inwe naanị ụda ụda abụọ.
fonology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Alveolo-<br id="mwPg"><br>palatal | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | (ɳ) | ɲ | (ŋ) | ||||
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | (ʈ) | k | q | (ʔ) | ||
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | (ʈʰ) | kʰ | qʰ | ||||
| voiced | b | d | (ɖ) | ɡ | ɢ | ||||
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡ʂ | t͡ɕ | |||||
| aspirated | t͡sʰ | t͡ʂʰ | t͡ɕʰ | ||||||
| voiced | d͡z | d͡ʐ | d͡ʑ | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʂ | ɕ | (x) | h | ||
| voiced | (v) | z | ʐ | ʑ | ɣ | (ʁ) | |||
| Lateral | fricative | ɬ | |||||||
| glide | l | (ɭ) | |||||||
| Approximant | w | j | |||||||
- /t, tʰ, d, n, l/ ka a na-anụ ka [ʈ, ʈʰ, ɖ, ɳ, ɭ] mgbe a na-ebu ụzọ na-ada ụda ụda /ɯ, u, v̩, ɤ, æ/.
- /p, pʰ, b, m, w/ nwere ike ịnụ ka [ʙ̥, ʙ̥ʰ, ʙ, ɱ, v] mgbe a na-ebute udaume na-ada /ɯ, u, v̩/.
- /ɣ/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka uvular [ʁ] n'ọnọdụ mmalite okwu.
- /w, h/ ka a na-anụkwa ka enweghị olu [w̥, x] na mgbanwe n'efu.
- A na-anụ /n/ ka velar [ŋ] mgbe tupu velar akwụsị.
- A na-anụ [ʔ] n'ọnọdụ mbụ n'ihu ụdaume. [3]
Udaume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| N'ihu | Central | Azu | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mechie | i | ɯ | u | |
| N'etiti | ɛ | ə | ɤ | ɔ |
| Mepee | æ, æ̃ | ɑ | ||
| syllabic | v̩ | |||
- /ɯ/ nwere ike ịnụ dị ka [ɨ] na syllable-n'ọnọdụ mbụ na dị ka retroflex [ɻ̩] mgbe e mesịrị retroflex consonants. [4]
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Jacques and Michaud (2011) dekọtara. [1] Ọ nwere ọkwa
- ↑ Michaud (2017). Tone in Yongning Na: Lexical tones and morphotonology, Studies in Diversity Linguistics. Berlin: Language Science Press. ISBN 978-3-946234-87-6.
- ↑ Michaud (2024). Na (Mosuo) – English – Chinese dictionary, version 2.0 (in en), France: Lexica.
- ↑ Lidz (2010). A Descriptive Grammar of Yongning Na (Mosuo). University of Texas at Austin.
- ↑ Zhenhong (2009). An overview of the Mosuo language, 1–43.