Asụsụ Ngardi
Ngardi, nke a kpọkwara Ngarti ma ọ bụ Ngardilj, bụ asụsụ ndị Aboriginal Australia nke a na-ewere na ọ dị njọ . A na-echebu ya na ọ bụ aha ọzọ maka asụsụ Bunara, mana ndị a na-ekewa ugbu a dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche. Ọ bụ ndị Ngarti nke Northern Territory na ugwu Western Australia na-asụ ya.
Capell (1962) weere Ngardi, Warlpiri, na Warlmanpa dị ka olumba nke otu asụsụ. RMW Dixon (2002) jikọtara Ngardi ọnụ na Warlpiri na Warlmanpa na otu Yapa, ma kwetara na nke a dabeere na oke data. McConvell na Laughren (2004) gosiri na ọ dị na Ngumbin, otu njikọ chiri anya, na nke a sochiri na Honeyman (2005). Agbanyeghị, Bowern (2011) depụtara ya dị ka asụsụ Wati dị anya karịa.
Tindale gosiri Ngardi dị ka aha ọzọ maka asụsụ Bunara, mana Lynette Oates na Arthur Capell gosiri na Bunara bụ asụsụ dị iche. E kenyela asụsụ abụọ a koodu dị iche na nchekwa data AIATSIS AUSLANG .
Waringari
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ụfọdụ ihe ndekọ ochie na ihe odide ochie na-ezo aka na Waringari (ma ọ bụ Waiangara ) dịka asụsụ metụtara Ngardi, mana ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ ekwenyela na ọ bụ aha obodo ọ bụghị aha asụsụ. Norman Tindale depụtara Waringari dị ka aha mkparị maka ndị Ngarti, [ 6 ] yana maka ndị Yeidji, [ 7 ] ndị Worla [ 8 ] na ndị Warlpiri, na-atụ aro na ha bụ ndị na-eri anụ . [ 9 ]
fonology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Udaume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| N'ihu | Azu | |
|---|---|---|
| Elu | i | u |
| Dị ala | a | |
Consonants
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Mpụta | Laminal | Apical | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Velar | Palatal | Alveolar | Retroflex | |
| Kwụsị | p | k | c | t | ʈ |
| Ihu imi | m | ŋ | ɲ | n | ɳ |
| N'akụkụ | ʎ | l | ɭ | ||
| Rhotic | r | | |||
| Semivowel | w | j | |||
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ngururrpa, otu ndị otu asụsụ gụnyere Ngardi
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]mpaghara ọha. Ọrụ ya Gamu Mambu, nke pụtara "Abụ ọhụrụ mee imi imi. The u with inverted breve
Isi mmalite
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Capell (1962). Some linguistic types in Australia. Sydney: Oceania Publications.
- Dixon (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Honeyman (2005). Topic and Focus in Ngardi, thesis, University of Sydney.
- McConvell and Laughren (2004) "The Ngumpin-Yapa subgroup". In Claire Bowern & Harold Koch, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.