Asụsụ Nhangu

 

Asụsụ Nhangu ( Nhaŋu ), nakwa Yan-nhaŋu ( Jarnango ) bụ asụsụ Aboriginal Australia nke ndị Yan-nhaŋu na-asụ, ndị bi na Agwaetiti Crocodile nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Arnhem Land, na Northern Territory nke Australia. Asụsụ Yan-nhaŋu bụ nke ndị asụsụ Yolŋu Matha nke ndị Yolŋu bi n’Ala Arnhem dị n’ebe ugwu Ọstrelia. Ụdị akụkụ abụọ ahụ bụ (a) Gorlpa na (b) Yan-nhangu.

Ntulite asụsụ

Otu asụsụ Yan-nhaŋu, malitere na 1994 site n'aka Laurie Baymarrwangga site n'agbam ume sitere n'aka Bentley James, nwere ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na ndị na-asụ asụsụ na-arụ ọrụ iji chịkọta akụrụngwa maka nkọwa nke omenala Yan-nhaŋu na mweghachi nke asụsụ Yan-nhaŋu.

Laurie, bụ́ onye na-enweghị ike ịsụ Bekee, gosipụtara ọchịchọ ya ichekwa asụsụ ya mgbe ọ zutere Bentley n’Agwaetiti Murruŋga. Bentley amalitela ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi outstations ma mụta Djambarrpuyŋu . N’ịbụ nke ji nanị okwu 250 malite, ọrụ ọkọwa okwu a mechiri n’akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Yan-nhaŋu nke afọ 2003 . Ọrụ a gbasaa ruo ihe karịrị ụdị 4,000 na Yan-nhaŋu Atlas na Illustrated Dictionary of the Crocodile Islands (2014). Ọrụ ahụ ebidola ezinụlọ nke oru ngo iji kwado ụdị asụsụ dị iche iche nke agwaetiti Crocodile. Ndị a gụnyere Yan-nhangu Ecological Knowledge (YEK) na nchekwa data akụ asụsụ abụọ maka ụlọ akwụkwọ, ọrụ eserese CII Cultural maping, Crocodile Islands Rangers na mmemme ndị obere, nkọwa ethnographic nke njirimara mmiri Yan-nhangu, ntuziaka onye mmụta, na ọrụ ọkọwa okwu dị n'ịntanetị.

Asụsụ na ndị na-asụ asụsụ

Yan-nhaŋu bụ asụsụ Yolŋu Matha (asụsụ ndị mmadụ) nke ndị nwe ọdịnala nke oke osimiri na agwaetiti nke Group Crocodile. Yan-nhaŋu bụ ezinụlọ asụsụ Pama–Nyungan, ezinụlọ asụsụ obodo kacha ibu na Australia. Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Yan-nhaŋu bi na na gburugburu obodo Maningrida na Milingimbi, na ọdụ ndị gbara ya gburugburu dị ka Murruŋga. Ndị Yan-nhaŋu na-asụ Yolŋu bụ ndị nwe ala na oke osimiri nke mpaghara Castlereagh Bay.

Ndị Yan-nhangu nwere ógbè nke oké osimiri Arafura na àgwàetiti iri atọ na otu nke dị n'okpuru 10,000 square kilometres (3,900 sq mi) . Oge ụfọdụ mgbe 1600, mbata kwa afọ nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Maccassan na-ewe ihe ubi trepang (bech de mer) gbanwere oge na usoro nke mmegharị oge ndị Yan-nhangu na gburugburu agwaetiti Crocodile. Ọbịbịa nke ozi Methodist n’agwaetiti Milingimbi na 1922 dọtara ọtụtụ ndị si n’ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ka ha biri na Yan-nhaŋu estate na-adịgide adịgide.

Tupu ọchịchị, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Yan-nhangu ka dị obere, naanị narị ole na ole, na-enweghị ihe karịrị mmadụ iri ise ma ọ bụ ihe dị ka ndị sitere na agbụrụ isii (ba:purru). Yan-nhaŋu bụ ndị Yolŋu nwere ntughari mmiri pụrụ iche nke sitere na mmekọrịta chiri anya na obodo mmiri nnu ha. Oke osimiri bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke obodo Yan-nhaŋu, okpukperechi na asụsụ. A na-ewere mmegharị nke oke osimiri, ụda na mgbanwe dị ka ihe nhụta anụ ahụ nke omume nna ochie. Ndị mmadụ na-ekerịta aha ha na aha oke osimiri, ebili mmiri ya, agba ya, mmụọ, na ifufe. Asụsụ Yan-nhaŋu isii dị iche iche, a pụkwara iji mata ndị Yan-nhaŋu na ndị agbata obi ha.

Asụsụ Yan-nhangu, saịtị na ihe ịtụnanya nke oke osimiri na agwaetiti ha niile ghọtara na ọ bụ arịrịọ nke ndị nna ochie okike. Ala Yan-nhangu, njirimara okpukperechi na asụsụ bụ onyinye nna ochie nke na-emekọrịta njikọ na ihe dị iche na netwọkụ nke obodo Yolngu. A na-ebufe njirimara ebo Yan-nhangu, ala ala, asụsụ na akụrụngwa mmemme site na agbụrụ ndị nna ochie. Ndị Yan-nhangu na-aga n'ihu na-eme emume bara ụba, egwu egwu, egwu egwu na nka nka nke ndị Yolngu kin na-ekesa na mpaghara ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Arnhem Land. Karia, ha na-aga n'ihu site n'ememe na omume bara uru iji lekọta gburugburu mmiri ha.

Ụdị dị iche iche

N'ime Yan-nhaŋu e nwere ụdị agbụrụ isii ( bäpurru ) dị, atọ n'ime ha bụ Dhuwa na atọ n'ime ha bụ Yirritja. Ụdị Dhuwa a na-asụ taa bụ nke ndị Gamalaŋga, Gorryindi, na Mäḻarra. Ndị na-ekwu okwu Yirritja Yan-nhangu bụ ndị otu Bindarra, Ngurruwulu na Walamangu patri-agwaetiti Crocodile.

Fonology na mkpụrụedemede

phonology Yan-nhaŋu bụ ụdị asụsụ Yolŋu, asụsụ Pama–Nyungan, na asụsụ Australia n’ozuzu ya. Enwere ebe okwu isii nwere nkwụsị na imi na nke ọ bụla, yana akụkụ, glides, na trill . Enwekwara fọnịm glottal na usoro ụdaume atọ a na-ahụkarị n'asụsụ Australia.

Consonants

Yan-nhaŋu tsɔ́ tsɔ́ nàtsɔ́ tsɔ́ nàbia ɣeaɖeɣi. Ọ bụrụ na nkwụsị pụtara okwu-na mbụ, a na-ede ya n'olu, ebe a na-ede nkwụsị-ikpeazụ ka enweghị olu. Usoro abụọ a na-emegide okwu n'etiti etiti, Otú ọ dị (n'otu n'otu na mgbe akụkụ na imi). Yan-nhaŋu enweghị fricative ọ bụla, nke a na-asụkarị maka asụsụ Ọstrelia. Consonants Lamino-eze adịghị eme na njedebe nke okwu, mana n'ozuzu ha na-adịkarị karịa ndị ibe ha alveolar. A na-anọchi anya consonants niile na tebụl dị n'okpuru.

	Mpụta		Laminal		Apical		Glottal
	Bilabial	Velar	Palatal	eze	Alveolar	Retroflex
plosive	b ⟨, ⟩	ɡ ⟨ k, g ⟩	ɟ ⟨ tj, dj ⟩	d̻ ⟨ nke,dh ⟩	d ⟨ t, d ⟩	ɖ ⟨, ḏ ⟩	ʔ ⟨ ' ⟩
imi	m ⟨ m ⟩	ŋ ⟨ ŋ ⟩	ɲ ⟨ ⟩	n̻ ⟨ nh ⟩	n ⟨ n ⟩	ɳ ⟨ n̠ ⟩
trill					r ⟨ rr ⟩
n'akụkụ					l ⟨ ⟩	ɭ ⟨ ḻ ⟩
nsoro	w ⟨ ⟩		j ⟨ y ⟩			ɻ ⟨ ⟩

Udaume

Yan-nhaŋu na-eso usoro udaume atọ a na-ahụkarị nke asụsụ Australia, nwere ụdaume atọ dị mkpụmkpụ, nke ọ bụla nwere ogologo ogbo. Ụdaume ogologo nwere ike ime naanị n'ime mkpụrụokwu mbụ nke okwu. A na-enye nrụgide mgbe niile n'ime mkpụrụokwu mbụ nke okwu, n'agbanyeghị ogologo ụdaume.   Nhọrọ: Rathanha dharrkthana moḻ'yu.   N'aka ozo: Gulkuruŋu wurrpaṉ nhaŋu ,

Ma ọ bụ: Wurrpaṉ gulkuruŋu nhaŋu .

Hụkwa

• Yolŋu
• Yolŋu Matha
• Abụọ (nọmba ụtọasụsụ)
• Transitivity (ụdị ụtọ asụsụ)
• Ezinụlọ ndị Aborigine Australia

Ntụaka

• James, Bentley, Laurie Baymarrwaŋa Djarrga, M., Gularrbanga, R., Nyaŋbal, R., Nyuŋunyuŋu, M., Yan-nhangu Dictionary. 1994–2003.
• Baymarrwaŋa, L., Gularrbanga, R., Milinditj, L., Nyaŋbal, R., Nyuŋunyuŋu, M., Warrŋayun, A., Bowern, C. A Learner's Guide to Yan-nhaŋu . 2008, emelitere site na 2006.
• Baymarrwaŋa, L, na B, James. 2014. Yan-nhaŋu Atlas and Illustrated Dictionary of the Crocodile Islands. Tien wah press, Singapore & Sydney Australia.

Njikọ mpụga

• Ebe nchekwa ELAR nke ngwa akwụkwọ asụsụ Nhangu