Asụsụ Oroha

Oroha, nke ewepụtara dị ka asụsụ Austronesian, bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị Melanesia na-asụ na Solomon Islands . A makwaara ya dị ka Maramasike (mgbe Maramasike Passage nke kewara n'àgwàetiti abụọ nke Malaita Province, ebe masike pụtara 'obere'), Mara Ma-Siki (n'ụzọ nkịtị "Little Mala / Mara" [na 'Tolo' ndị na-enweghị ụda [l] n'asụsụ ha], mgbe mpaghara), Oraha, na Oloha n'ebe ndịda nke Province na Malaita bụ isi n'ime agwaetiti ahụ. Obere Mala nwere asụsụ atọ nke ndị 'Tolo' bụ Na'oni, Pau, na Oroha. Ha niile dịtụ iche, ma ha sitere n'otu ebe. Enwere ike iche asụsụ atọ ahụ dị ka olumba dị iche iche nke otu asụsụ. Obodo Tolo atọ a nwere ọdụ ụlọ akwụkwọ n'okpuru ozi Melanesia. ^[1]

Enwere mmadụ 38 ka na-asụ asụsụ Oroha ugbu a. Oroha bụ asụsụ obodo, nke dị n'oké osimiri, na ọnọdụ ya ugbu a na-agbanwe, nke pụtara na ndị na-asụ ya nọ na-asụ asụsụ dị iche, na asụsụ Sa'a, asụsụ ọzọ nke Solomon Islands. Ọtụtụ n’ime ndị na-asụ Oroha amaworị ka e si agụ Sa’a; ya mere, ọ dị mfe ịtụgharị n'iji asụsụ ọzọ a. N'iji Sa'a atụnyere asụsụ Oroha, mmadụ nwere ike ịhụ ebe ha si malite. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, [d] n'asụsụ Sa'a dabara na [s] ma ọ bụ, karịa, na [t] na Oroha. ^[1]

Ndị Oroha esiwo na ọwa nkewa dị na Mala bịa n'ụlọ ha ugbu a. Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ Oroha kwenyere na Iso Ụzọ Kraịst. ^[1]

fonology

Ekwentị

Asụsụ Oroha nwere consonants iri na ụdaume ise ewepụtara n'okpuru. ^[1]

Ekwentị consonant
	Labial	eze	Velar	Glottal
imi	m	n
Plosive	p	t	k
Nke na-ese okwu	f	s		h
Mmiri mmiri		r
Mmanya	w

Ekwentị ụdaume
	N'ihu	N'etiti	Azu
Elu	i		u
N'etiti	e		o
Dị ala		a

Udaume nwere ogologo na nkenke nsụgharị. Udaume okpukpu abụọ na-agbatị ụda. A <ʻ> na-egosi mwepụ nke consonant, a na-ewepụkarị [k] ma ọ bụ [t]. A naghị atụgharị [r] ahụ. Oraha enweghi ike imi [ŋ]; a na-eji imi eze [n] eme ihe kama.

Enwere ike asụpe okwu mgbe ụfọdụ n'ụzọ dị iche, na-egosikwa nkpọpụta dịtụ iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka 'gaa, bịa', ma raa na ra ka edere. ^[1]

Diphthong

Ndị diphthong dị na Oroha bụ ae, ai, ao, au, ei, na unu . ^[1]

Nhazi mkpụrụedemede

Oroha nwere naanị mkpụrụokwu mepere emepe. Enweghị mkpụrụokwu mechiri emechi. ^[1]

Mgbanwegharị

Enwere ike ịmegharị ngwaa ka ọ gbasie ike n'ihe okwu pụtara. Enwere ike ime nke a n'ụzọ atọ:

nkwughachi nke syllable nke mbụ; suri ka susuri
ikwughachi okwu dum; horo to horohoro
ikwugharị okwu ahụ dum na mwepụ nke consonant nke ime na onye nke mbụ. rahi na rairahi

A pụkwara iji ya mee ọtụtụ okwu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, naanị pụtara nwata ebe meramera pụtara ụmụaka. ^[1]

Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ

Prefixes

Nkọwa nkọwa okwu

Prefixes bu ụzọ ụfọdụ adjectives gụnyere ma-, ta`i -, take -, tara -, na tata - . ^[1]

Mbido ngwaa

Enwere prefixes na-akpata na nkwughachi nke agbakwunyere na mmalite ngwaa. Ihe prefix na-akpata bụ ha'a, ebe prefix nke nkwughachi bụ hai nwere ike igosi mgbanwe ma ọ bụ mgbakwunye mgbe agbakwunyere adverb or'u . Enwere ole na ole nke nwekwara ike bụrụ prefixed na aha na adjectives kwa.

Ọtụtụ

Moi na mo na-ebute aha iji gosi ọtụtụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mo hanua iwera nwere ike ịpụta 'ọtụtụ ala' ma ọ bụ 'ọtụtụ mmadụ'. ^[1]

Mgbakwunye aha

Enwere ike itinye nnọchiaha n'okwu ndị ọzọ ka ịgbakwunye na ma ọ bụ gbanwee ihe okwu pụtara. A na-eji nke a tumadi igosi inwe ihe nwere aha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, maa 'anya' nwere ike iji suffix onye mbụ nwere otu -ku mepụta maaku 'anya m'. ^[1]

N'ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ, enwere ike ịgbakwunye nnọchiaha dị ka mgbakwunye na ngwaa ma ọ bụ amụma amụma iji rụtụ aka n'ihe dị n'ahịrịokwu ahụ. ^[1]

Mgbakwunye okwu

A na-etinye ngwụcha -'a na -ta'a n'azụ ụfọdụ nkọwapụta. ^[1]

Mgbakwunye ngwaa

Enwere ike itinye suffixes na njedebe ngwaa iji gosi okike. Enwere ụdị suffixes abụọ enwere ike ịgbakwunye na ngwaa. Nke mbụ bụ i nke nwere ike iguzo naanị ya ma ọ bụ jiri consonant agbakwunyere tupu ya. Ụdị nke abụọ bụ nkwụsị nke a'i nke a na-etinye na aha iji mee ka okwu ahụ ghọọ ngwaa.

Syntax

Usoro Okwu

Usoro okwu maka nhazi ahịrịokwu Oroha bụ isiokwu, ngwaa, ihe (SVO).

A na-emepụta okwu ọnụ mgbe ị na-agbakwunye -na, -ta, -ra, -raa, -ha, ma ọ bụ -h na njedebe nke mgbọrọgwụ ngwaa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mae 'to die' nwere ike ịdepụta iji mepụta ụdị ewepụtara maena 'ọnwụ'. A pụkwara itinye otu usoro mwepu a n'ọrụ na adjectives, dịka na sieni 'mma' na sienina 'ịdị mma'.

A na-emepụta aha ndị nọọrọ onwe ha site na iji na, nke a na-agbakwunye na azụ nke aha iji gosi ụdị mmekọrịta ma ọ bụ ịgbanwe nọmba kadinal ka ọ bụrụ ordinal (lee tebụl ọnụọgụ na ala nke ibe). ^[1]

Ngwaa

Ngwaa na-egosi omume. Asụsụ Oroha nwere ihe a maara dị ka ngwaa. A na-eji ihe ndị a dị ka prefixes nwere ngwaa n'ezie iji mepụta okwu. Enwere ike iji ihe ndị ahụ ko, koi, ka, ke, na ka'i mee ihe. ^[1]

Adjectives

Ndị na-eme mgbanwe na-agbaso aha isi ha. Enwere ike iji adjectives pụrụ iche tụnyere ihe. A na-ejikọtakarị ha ọnụ na prepositions ma ọ bụ nkwupụta okwu iji gosi ntụnyere a. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, riuta' gafere, nke karịrị' na-egosi ntụnyere n'etiti ihe abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa. ^[1]

Okwu okwu

E nwere ụdị adverbs anọ:

ọnọdụ
uzo
oge
ebe ^[1]

Ọnụọgụ

Nọmba	Nọmba nkịtị	Nọmba nkịtị
1	ʻeta	ʻetana
2	rua	ruana
3	ʻooru	ʻooruna
4	hai	haina
5	nima	nimana
6	ʻoono	ʻoonona
7	hiu	hiuna
8	waru	waruna
9	siwa	siwana
10	tanaharu	tanaharuʻana

Ọnụọgụ nkịtị na-abịa n'ihu aha mgbe a na-akọwa ọnụọgụ ihe dị. ^[1]

Ntụaka

↑ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 ^1.14 ^1.15 ^1.16 ^1.17 Ivens (1927). "A Study of the Oroha Language, Mala, Solomon Islands". Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London 4 (3): 587–610. ISSN 1356-1898.

Njikọ mpụga

OrohaLanguage.org - ụtọ asụsụ Oroha na-aga n'ihu n'ịntanetị
Ụdị ntanetị nke 1927 Ivens "Ihe Ọmụmụ nke Asụsụ Oroha" edemede
Ihe ndị dị na Oroha gụnyere na oghere oghere Arthur Capell ( AC1 na AC2 ) nke Paradisec nwere.

[AAA-1] 1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 ^1.14 ^1.15 ^1.16 ^1.17 Ivens (1927). "A Study of the Oroha Language, Mala, Solomon Islands". Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London 4 (3): 587–610. ISSN 1356-1898.

[1]