Asụsụ Proto-Algic
Proto-Algic (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọchi PAc ) bụ asụsụ proto nke sitere na asụsụ Algic ( asụsụ Wiyot, asụsụ Yurok, na Proto-Algonquian ) rịdata. A na-eme atụmatụ na e kwuru ya ihe dị ka afọ 7,000 gara aga n’ebe dị na Northwest America, ikekwe gburugburu Columbia Plateau . [1] [2] Ọ bụ ihe atụ nke asụsụ proto-larịị nke abụọ (asụsụ proto-asụsụ nke nrụzigharị ya dabere na data sitere na proto-asụsụ ọzọ, ya bụ asụsụ sitere na ya Proto-Algonquian ) nke ọtụtụ ndị kwenyere na ọ dị adị. [3] Onye isi nyocha ya bụ Paul Proulx .
Udaume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Proto-Algic nwere ụdaume anọ bụ isi, nke nwere ike ịdị ogologo ma ọ bụ mkpụmkpụ:
- ogologo: *i·, *e·, *a·, *o·
- mkpirisi: *i, *e, *a, *o
Consonants
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Proto-Algic nwere consonants ndị a:
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | lateral | plain | labialized | |||||
| Stop | plain | *p | *t | *k | *kʷ | *ʔ | ||
| <small id="mwYQ">aspirated</small> | *pʰ | *tʰ | *kʰ | *kʷʰ | ||||
| glottalized | *pʼ | *tʼ | *kʼ | *kʷʼ | ||||
| Affricate | plain | *c /t͡s/ | *č /t͡ʃ/ | |||||
| aspirated | *cʰ /t͡sʰ/ | *čʰ /t͡ʃʰ/ | ||||||
| glottalized | *cʼ /t͡sʼ/ | *čʼ /t͡ʃʼ/ | ||||||
| Fricative | *s | *ɬ1 | *š /ʃ/ | *h | ||||
| Nasal | plain | *m | *n | |||||
| glottalized | *mʼ | *nʼ | ||||||
| Liquid | plain | *r | *l | |||||
| glottalized | *rʼ | *lʼ | ||||||
| Semivowel | plain | *y /j/ | *w | |||||
| glottalized | *yʼ /jʼ/ | *wʼ | ||||||
- 1 Aha nke consonant a ejighị n'aka kpamkpam; na Proto-Algonquian, a na-ewughachi ya mgbe ụfọdụ ka *θ /θ/.
Amabeghị ma * č / tʃ/ bụ fọnịm nọọrọ onwe ya ma ọ bụ naanị allophone nke *c na/ma ọ bụ *t na Proto-Algic (dị ka ọ dị na Proto-Algonquian). Na 1992, Paul Proulx chepụtara na Proto-Algic nwekwara fọnịm *gʷ, nke ghọrọ *w na Proto-Algonquian na g na Wiyot na Yurok.
Nkwụsị na mmekọ niile dị na chaatị dị n'elu nwere ndị mmekọ nwere mmasị na ya, na consonants niile, ma e wezụga fricatives, enweela nke ukwuu. Proto-Algonquian belatara usoro a nke ukwuu site n'iwepụ ekwentị ekwentị niile glottalized na nke a na-achọsi ike.
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Asụsụ Algic
- Asụsụ Algonquian
- Asụsụ Proto-Algonquian
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Bakker (2013). "Diachrony and typology in the history of Cree", in Folke Josephson: Diachronic and typological perspectives on verbs. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 223–260.
- ↑ Golla (2011). California Indian Languages. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- ↑ Proulx, Paul (April 1984). "Proto-Algic I: Phonological Sketch". International Journal of American Linguistics 30: 165–207. DOI:10.1086/465826.