Asụsụ Puluwat

Puluwatese bụ asụsụ Micronesia nke steeti Federated nke Micronesia . A na-ekwu ya na Poluwat .

Nhazi

Puluvatese nwere olumba abụọ, Pulapese na Pulusukese, ha abụọ nwere nghọta dị ala na Satawalese (64%), Woleaian (40%), na Ulithian (21%). ^[1] Otú ọ dị, Puluvatese nwere myirịta dịtụ elu dị elu na Satawalese na Carolinian (88%), Mortlockese (83%), Woleaian (82%), Chuukese (81%) na Ulithian (72%). ^[1]

Ọkpụkpụ

Udaume

a - [æ]
na-[a]
e-[e]
e-[e]
i - [i]
o - [o]
ọ - [ɔ]
ị - [u]
ú - [ɨ]

Consonants

c - [t͡ʃ]
f - [f]
h-[h]
k - [k]
l - [l]
m - [m]
mw - [mʷˠ]
n - [n]
ng-[n]
p - [pʷˠ]
r - [r]
ŕ - [ɹ]
s - [s]
t -[t]
w - [w]
y - [j]

fonology

Nhazi mkpụrụedemede

Mkpuruokwu ndị dị na Puluwatese na-amalite ma ọ bụ consonants ma ọ bụ consonants geminate na-esochi ya na ụdaume ma ọ bụ geminate ma nwee ike mechie ya ma ọ bụ consonant ma ọ bụ ụdaume. [ 4 ] Ụdị nhazi okwu dị iche iche bụ ndị a: [ 5 ]

CV: hi 'anyị'
CVV: rúú 'ọkpụkpụ'
CVC: mwoŕ 'ịfụ'
CVVC: ọ bụ 'egbu ya'
CVVCC: ' ga -agbagharị'
CVCC: wutt 'ụgbọ mmiri'
CCV: ppi 'aja'
CCVV: mbọ 'mkpịsị aka'
CCVC: lee 'na'
CCVVC: mmwiik 'pepper'
CCVCC: ppóhh 'kwụsiri ike'

Rịba ama na <mw> ebe a na-anọchi anya otu consonant phoneme /mʷ/ na ọ bụghị usoro nke consonants abụọ dị iche iche.

Consonants


		Labial		Coronal	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
		larịị	ụlọ nyocha.	Coronal	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Kwụsị		p	pʷ	t	tʃ	k
Nke na-ese okwu		f		s			h
Ihu imi		m	mʷ	n		ŋ
Rhotic	kpatụ			(ɾ)
Rhotic	trill			r
N'akụkụ				l
Odika			w		j

/tʃ, ɻ/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka [ts, ɾ] na mgbanwe n'efu n'etiti ndị ọkà okwu.

N'ime ụda nke consonants, imi, mmiri mmiri na glides na-ekwupụta mgbe niile. Consonants ndị na-enweghị olu nwere nkwụsị na mgbakasị ahụ ma na-agbaso ụkpụrụ nke enweghị olu na mbụ, n'ụzọ na-esighị ike na-ekwu okwu, na enweghị olu na njedebe. [ 6 ]

Puluvatese nwere consonants ogologo ccòwo (arọ) na mkpirisi mkpirisi ppel (ọkụ). A na-ewere consonants ogologo dị ka ike ma na-ejikarị egosipụta mmetụta dị ka egwu. Ụdị ihe atụ dị otú ahụ bụ okwu maka zoo-na-achọ/ tow-the-ghost: likohhomà. N'okwu a, consonant ogologo "hh" na-emepụta ụda dị arọ nke a na-eji egwu ụmụaka. [ 7 ]

Ụkpụrụ na-adọrọ mmasị na ngbanwe consonant na-apụta ebe /w-/ na /y-/ glides dochie /k- n'okwu ụfọdụ. Ụfọdụ ụdị a na-anụkarị bụ ndị a: [ 8 ]

kapong, yapong-iy ikele
kereker, yereker oke
wo, ko you (polite)
woow, koow aki oyibo
yáát, káát boy
ya-mwar, ka-mwar ijide
yée, kéé nku azụ̀

Usoro ngbanwe consonant ndị ọzọ gụnyere /c/ na /r/ nke enwere ike ị nwetaghachi azụ na mmetụta Chuukese . Ọtụtụ mgbe, consonant Chuukese /c/ na Puluwat /r/ na-edekọrịta dị ka okwu ndị a: [ 9 ]

kaw, raw nwayọọ
ceccén, réccén mmiri
ceec, reec ịma jijiji

/k/ na /kk/ nwekwara ike iji ya mee ihe dịka ndị a: [ 9 ]

kltekt obere, yátakkit obere
rak naanị, makk dee

Ọ bụ ezie na ụyọkọ consonant anaghị eme na Puluwatese, enwere ọtụtụ oge nke njikọta consonant na-eme. A na-akwụsịkarị nchikota consonant ndị a site na ụdaume a na-akpọ Excrescent. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ụdaume intersyllabic na-efunahụ ma ụyọkọ consonant nwere ike ime. Ngwakọta consonant ndị ekwuru n'akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ ndị a: [ 10 ]

kf: yekiyekféngann iche echiche ọnụ
np: tayikonepék ụdị azụ
nf: pwonféngann kwekọrịta ọnụ
nm: yinkinmann serious
nl: fanefanló ndidi
nw: yóónwuur canoe part
ngf: llónghamwol mbo
wp: liyawpenik cormorant
wh: yiwowhungetá ebuli

Udaume

	N'ihu	Central	Azu
Elu	i	ɨ	ị
N'etiti	e	ọ	o
Dị ala	æ	a	ọ

Mgbe ụda /pʷ, mʷ/, /a/ nwere ike ibuli na ihu ka [æ], na ụdaume azụ nwere ike gbadobere ntakịrị ka [ü, ö, ɔ̈].

Enwere ike ịnụ /i/ dị ka [ɪ] mgbe n'ime mkpụrụokwu mechiri emechi. [ 11 ]

Nkesa ụdaume dị oke ma mee n'ikpeazụ . Ụdaume nwere ike igosi onwe ya dị ka mkpụmkpụ ma ọ bụ ogologo ma nwee ike ịgbanwe gaa na ụda dị ala mgbe ogologo ya. [ 12 ] Ọ bụ ezie na a na-emesi mkpụrụokwu niile ike n'ụzọ ziri ezi, a na-egosipụtakarị mkpụrụokwu ndị na-emesi ike dị ka isi. Ndị na-esonụ bụ iwu abụọ na-ekpebi nkeji okwu na-akpa ike: [ 13 ]

Usoro ngụkọ

Ọnụọgụ dị na Puluvatese na-agbagwoju anya n'ihi na e nwere usoro dị mgbagwoju anya nke suffixes maka ịgụta ihe dị iche iche. N'ozuzu, ntọala nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na-adị otu ma na-agbakwunye suffixes maka ihe dị iche iche na ntọala nke ọ bụla nke nọmba ahụ. Mgbakwunye agbakwunyere na ọnụọgụ ntọala nwere ike gbanwee ihe okwu ahụ pụtara dị ka ọmụmaatụ ye-ray woong (obere mbe) na yee-w woong (nnukwu nduru). [ 4 ] Maka ihe ndị agụpụtara, suffixes nwere ike gbanwee ihe ha pụtara dị ka na ye-fay teŕeec (a spool nke eri) na ye-met teŕeec (obere eri). [ 4 ] Edepụtara suffixes ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha na-adị na tebụl na-esonụ. [ 4 ]

A na-eji usoro ngụkọ ọnụ maka ngụ ngwa ngwa ma nwee ike jikọta ya iji gụọ ọnụọgụ abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ na-etinyeghị aka. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, "otu, abụọ" nwere ike ịgụ dị ka yét-é-ŕúúw na "atọ, anọ" dị ka yei-u-fáán. [ 4 ] Enwere ike iji usoro ngụkọ usoro a dị ka usoro maka ịgbakọ ngwa ngwa nke ihe dị ka aki oyibo na mkpụrụ osisi. [ 18 ]

A na-eji suffixes izugbe maka ihe ndị na-enweghị nke a kapịrị ọnụ. A na-esetịpụ suffixes maka ihe site na mkpokọta izugbe ma ọ bụ nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe ndị ọzọ. [ 4 ]

A na-etinye suffixes animate na mmadụ, anụmanụ, ngwa agha, ngwá ọrụ, ngwa egwu, na ihe ndị ọzọ dị iche iche. Suffixes animate bụ naanị ndị nwere nhazi ọkwa abụọ dị iche iche: -ray na -man with -man ịbụ Chuukese cognate for -mén. [ 4 ]

A na-eji suffixes ogologo ihe eme ihe ndị dị ogologo ma dị gịrịgịrị dị ka eriri (yámeey), ụgbọ ala (citosa), na sịga (suupwa). [ 4 ]

A na-eji suffixes ihe okirikiri eme ihe maka ihe dị okirikiri dị ka nkume (fawú), breadfruit (mááy), àkwá (hakúll). [ 4 ]

A na-etinye suffixes dị larịị n'ihe ndị dị ka akwụkwọ (éé), uwe (Mégaak: ákwà ), na ute (hááki). [ 4 ]

Nkịtị na-agbaso ụkpụrụ nke usoro ngụkọ ya na prefixes /ya-/, /yó-/, ma ọ bụ /yé-/, na-esote nọmba ntọala, yana suffix /an-/ dị ka a hụrụ na tebụl na-esonụ. [ 4 ]

1st	ya-ye-w-an
Nke abụọ	yó-ŕuw-ow-an
Nke atọ	yé-yelú-w-an
Nke anọ	yó-f-ow-an
5th	Ya-lim-ow-an
6th	yó-won-ow-an
Nke asaa	ya-féh-úw-an
8th	ya-wal-uw-an
9th	ya-tọw-o-an
10th	ya-hee-yik-an

Aha ụbọchị nke izu maka Tuzdee ruo Satọde bụ akara ngosi sitere na 2nd ruo 6th na-enweghị suffix /an-/. A na-akpọ Mọnde mgbe ụfọdụ ya-ye-w (1st) na Sunday ya-féh-úw (nke asaa), ma a na-akpọkarị ya, hárin fáál (ịdị nsọ na-agwụcha) na ránini pin (ụbọchị dị nsọ). [ 19 ] Otú ọ dị, a na-anụkarị okwu Chuukese maka aha izu mana jiri ụda Puluwat. [ 19 ]


Monday	hụ ụzọ
Tuzdee	yóŕuuw
Wenezde	yewúnúngat
Tọzdee	yeŕuwanú
Fraịde	yelimu
Satọde	yommol

Ntụaka

mmadụ nke na-enweghị mgbagha otu, ebe aha rechad ndị mmadụ bụ aha mmadụ nke na-enweghị mgbanya ọ bụghị ụda ụda. [1] A na-emesi okwu ndị nwere syllable 2 ma ọ bụ 3 ike na nkeji okwu mbụ; ndị nwere 4 na-enwe nrụgide na nke mbụ na nke atọ; na ndị nwere 5 ma ọ bụ karịa na antepenultimate. Nke a gbagwojuru anya site na ụdaume ogologoagha ọtụtụ. Aha ndị na-abụghịmmadụ nke na-enweghị mgbagha otu, ebe aha rechad ndị mmadụ bụ aha mmadụ nke na-enweghị mgbagha ọtụtụ. Aha ndị na-abụghị

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Puluwatese. Ethnologue. Retrieved on 2018-11-13.

Njikọ mpụga

Ebe nchekwa data Puluvatese nwere glosses bekee echekwara na Kaipuleohone

[Ethnologue-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Puluwatese. Ethnologue. Retrieved on 2018-11-13.

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