Asụsụ Senufo

Senufo

language family

obere ụdị nke	Gur

Asụsụ Senufo ma ọ bụ Senufic ( French ) nwere ihe dị ka asụsụ iri na ise ndị Senufo na-asụ n'ebe ugwu Ivory Coast, ndịda Mali na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Burkina Faso . A na-asụkwa asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ, Nafaanra, na ọdịda anyanwụ Ghana . Asụsụ Senufo bụ ngalaba nke ha na mpaghara mpaghara Atlantic–Congo nke asụsụ Niger–Congo . Anne Garber na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ Senufos zuru ezu na ihe dị ka nde 1.5; Ethnologue, dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, na-agụta 2.7 nde. 

Asụsụ Senufo dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ site n'asụsụ Mande, na ndịda site na asụsụ Kwa, na n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ site na asụsụ Central Gur .

Asụsụ Senufo dị ka asụsụ Gur n'ihi na ha nwere usoro klaasị suffixal na akara ngwaa maka akụkụ. Ọtụtụ asụsụ Gur dị n'ebe ugwu nke Senufo nwere usoro ụda ụda abụọ na-agbadata, mana usoro ụda nke asụsụ Senufo na-enyochakarị dịka usoro ụda ọkwa atọ (Elu, Mid, Low).

Asụsụ Mande agbataobi emetụtala asụsụ Senufo n'ọtụtụ ụzọ. E nwetala ọtụtụ okwu site na asụsụ Mande Bambara na Jula . Carlson na-ekwu na "ọ ga-abụ na ọtụtụ ihe owuwu grammatical bụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ Bambara kwekọrọ". [ 1 ] Dị ka asụsụ Mande, asụsụ Senufo nwere usoro ihe mejupụtara isiokwu-ihe-ngwaa (SOV), karịa usoro isiokwu-ngwaa-ihe (SVO) nke na-adịkarị na Gur na Niger-Congo n'ozuzu ya.

Nhazi

Delafosse bụ onye mmụta asụsụ mbụ dere na asụsụ Senufo. O kwuru na ndị Senufo na-enwekarị mgbagwoju anya na ndị Mande, otu akụkụ n'ihi na ndị Senufo na-asụ asụsụ Mande bụ ebe niile: [ 2 ]

[L]a langue mandé s'est répandue parmi eux, des alliances nombreuses ont eu lieu... C'est là l'origine de la confusion que l'on a faite souvent entre Mandé et Sénoufo ... alors que, ma ọ bụ triplefon de vue ethnographique, antropstide professione, antrophünden, antrophünden, antrophünden. entre ces deux familles. [ 3 ]

Na nhazi ọkwa Westermann na Bendor-Samuel, e kewara asụsụ Senufo dị ka asụsụ Gur. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] N'afọ 1975, Gabriel Manessy kpọbatara nhazi a n'ime obi abụọ. [ 7 ] Na 1989, John Naden, na nkọwa ya banyere ezinụlọ Gur, kwuru na '[t] asụsụ ndị fọdụrụ, karịsịa Senufo, nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe mmekọrịta chiri anya na Central Gur karịa Guang ma ọ bụ Togo Remnant, ma ọ bụ karịa ndị a na Central Gur ma ọ bụ Volta-Comoe'. [ 8 ]

Nkewa nke ntakiri

Nhazi Senufo nke mbụ bụ nke sitere na mpaghara, na-ekewa asụsụ Senufo n'ime Northern, Central na Southern Senufo. [ 6 ] N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-arụ ọrụ na asụsụ Senufo nakweere okwu a. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Mensah (1983) na Mills (1984) gbanarị usoro ala ala a mana ejiri ya mee ihe n'otu n'otu. [ 9 ] SIL International na Ethnologue ya na-ekewa asụsụ Senufo na otu isii. Ijikọta nkewa abụọ a rụpụtara n'otu n'okpuru.

Northern Senufo

• Suppire–Asụsụ Mamara
  • Mamara (Manyanka, Mianka) (ndị ọkà okwu 740,000)
  • Nanerigé (Nanergé) (ndị ọkà okwu 50,000)
  • Sucite (Sicite, Sìcìté) (ndị ọkà okwu 38,000)
  • Supyire (Suppire, Shempire, Syempire) (a na-asụ na Mali ) (ndị na-ekwu okwu 460,000)

Central Senufo

• Asụsụ Karaboro
  • Eastern Karaboro (Kar) (ndị na-ekwu okwu 40,000)
  • Western Karaboro (Syer-Tenyer) (ndị na-ekwu okwu 30,000)
• Asụsụ Senari
  • Cebara (Tyebaala) (ndị na-ekwu okwu 860,000)
  • Senara (nke a na-asụ na Côte d'Ivoire ) (ndị ọkà okwu 210,000)
  • Nyarafolo (ndị ọkà okwu 60,000)
• Kpalaga (Palaka) (a na-asụ na Côte d'Ivoire ) (ndị na-ekwu okwu 8,000)

Ndịda Senufo

• Asụsụ Tagwana–Djimini
  • Djimini (Dyimini) (nke a na-asụ na Côte d'Ivoire ) (ndị ọkà okwu 96,000)
  • Tagwana (Tagouna) (140,000 ọkà okwu)
• Nafaanra (Nafaara) (ndị na-ekwu okwu 61,000)

Ntụaka

Njirimara asụsụ

• LCarlson (1994). A Grammar of Supyire. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-014057-8. 
• Carlson (1997). The Senufo Languages. CP/CV 2: Actes du CILG1, 23–42. 
• Garber (1980). "Word order change and the Senufo languages". Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 10 (1): 45–57. 
• Garber (1987). A Tonal Analysis of Senufo: Sucite dialect (Gur; Burkina Faso). Urbana: University of Illinois / Ann Arbor: UMI. 
• Garber (1991). "The phonological structure of the Senufo word (Sicite)". Journal of West African Languages 21 (2): 3–20. 
• Manessy (1996a). "La determination nominal en sénoufo". Linguistique Africaine 16: 53–68. 
• Manessy (1996b). "Observations sur la classification nominale en sénoufo". Afrika und Übersee 79: 21–35. 
• Mills (1984). Senoufo phonology, discourse to syllabe (a prosodic approach), SIL publications in linguistics. 

Nhazi

• Bendor-Samuel (1971). "Niger–Congo: Gur", in Thomas Sebeok: Linguistics in sub-saharan Africa, Current trends in linguistics. The Hauge/Paris: Mouton, 141–178. 
• Delafosse (1904). Vocabulaires comparatifs de plus de 60 langues ou dialects parlés à la Côte d' Ivoire ou dans les régions limitrophes (avec des notes linguistiques et ethnologiques, une bibliographie et une carte). Paris: Leroux. 
• Manessy (1975). Les langues Oti–Volta. Paris: SELAF. 
• Mensah (1983). Atlas des langues Gur de Côte d'Ivoire. Abidjan: Institut de Linguistique Applique. 
• Naden (1989). "Gur", in Bendor-Samuel, John: The Niger–Congo languages. A classification and description of Africa's largest language family. Lanham, New York, London: University Press of America, 140–168. 
• Westermann [1952] (1970). The Languages of West Africa. Oxford: International African Institute / Oxford University Press. 
• Williamson (2000). "Niger–Congo", in Heine, Bernd: African languages: an introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 11–42.