Asụsụ Soddo

Soddo Kəstane
Spoken in:	Ethiopia
Region:	Gurage Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region
Total speakers:	Templeeti:Sigfig
Language family:	Tafrusyawit  Semitic   West Semitic    South Semitic     Ethiopic      South       Outer South        North Gurage         SoddoTempleeti:Infobox Language/script
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	—
ISO 639-3:	gru

Soddo (autonym kəstane "Kraịst"; nke a na-akpọbu Aymälläl n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ, na-asụcha otu olumba ya) bụ asụsụ Gurage nke nde mmadụ na-asụ na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Etiopia . Ọ bụ asụsụ Semitic Etiopia nke ezinụlọ Northern Gurage. Ndị na-asụ ya, ndị Soddo Gurage (Kistane), bi na mpaghara Soddo nke Mpaghara Gurage . 

fonology

Consonants

• [ʔ] ka a na-anụkarị mgbe ọ nọ n'etiti ụdaume, ma ọ bụ n'ọnọdụ mmalite n'ihu ụdaume.
• A pụkwara ịnụ ụda /p, pʼ, tsʼ/ n'okwu agbaziri agbazi.
• Ụda /k, ɡ, kʼ/ nwekwara ike ịnwe allophones labialized [kʷ, ɡʷ, kʼʷ].
• /b/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka okwu na-ese okwu [β] mgbe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ intervocalic.
• Enwere ike ịnụ /m/ dị ka [ɱ] mgbe tupu /f/, na /n/ dị ka [ŋ] mgbe tupu /k/.

Udaume

	N'ihu	Central	Azu
Mechie	i	ɨ	u
N'etiti	e	ọ	o
Mepee		a

Ụtọ asụsụ

 

Aha aha

Dịka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ Etiopia, ndị ntozu aha na-esokarị aha.

Ekwuputara edemede a doro anya site na suffix -i, eg: goš "nwoke" > goš-i "nwoke ahụ"; ätit "nwanne" > ätiti "nwanna nwanyị"; bayyočč "ụmụaka" > bayyočč-i . Ọ bụrụ na aha ahụ gwụ na -a ma ọ bụ -ä, ọ na-efunarị ụdaume a mgbe -i na suffix: angačča "cat" > angačč-i "put". Aha na-agwụ na -i na-anọkarị otu: abi "(nna) nna, onye nwe ya". Mkpọaha na-agwụ na -e, -o, -u na-agbakwụnye y n'ihu suffix: ge "ụlọ" > geʸi "ụlọ ahụ"; wälläho "onye agbata obi" > wällähoʸi "onye agbata obi". Ọ bụrụ na aha ahụ nwere qualifier, a na-eji isiokwu ahụ na nke mbụ eme ihe: maläk' ge "nnukwu ụlọ" > maläk'-i ge "nnukwu ụlọ"; yä-šum-i ge "ụlọ onye ọrụ" (lit. "nke-ọrụ-ụlọ"); yä-mät't'-i məss "nwoke ahụ bịara" (lit. "onye-bịara-nwoke ahụ").

Bekee	isi okwu ọjọọ	nkebi ahịrịokwu na-adịghị mma
Anaghị m amalite	ihe	anụ
gi (m. sg.) amalitela	ihe efu	ihe
gi (f. sg.) amalitela	ịta ahụhụ	ihe atụ
ọ naghị ebido	tik'a	ihe
ọ naghị ebido	ihe efu	ihe
anyị anaghị amalite	nri	anụ
ị (m. pl) malite	tətəkəm	ihe omimi
ị (f. pl.) na-aga n'ihu	ịta ahụhụ	ihe omimi
ha (m.) na-aga n'ihu	tik'arọm	ihe atụ
ha (f.) na-aga n'ihu	tik'arsəma	ihe omume

Ọmụmaatụ: ahoññ yəmät'a timäsəl "ọ dịghị ka ọ ga-abịa taa"; ädahʷan t-aykäfəl alläfo "ọ hapụrụ akwụghị ụgwọ ya".

Nke ziri ezi ma dị mkpa

			conjugation A	njikọ B	njikọ C
1st onye	singular		näsfər	näšäkkət	nägalb
	plural		(ən)nəsfär	nəšäkkət	nəgalb
Nke abụọ onye	singular	m.	səfär	šäkkət	galb
		f.	səfer	šäkkič	galʸib
	plural	m.	səfärəm	šäkkətəm	galbəm
		f.	səfärma	šäkkətma	galbəma
Nke atọ onye	singular	m.	yesfər, yäsfər	yešäkkət	yegalb
		f.	tesfər	tešäkkət	tegalb
	plural	m.	yesfərəm	yešäkkətəm	yegalbəm
		f.	yesfərma	yešäkkətma	yegalbəma

A na-agbagha ndị a site na nganiihu ay- : ayəsfär, ayšäkkət, aygalb . Ụdị onye nke abụọ wee gbanwee ka o kwekọọ na ndị ọzọ: attəsfär, attəsfer, attəsfärəm, attəsfärma .

Dịka:

yä-wäzälawan-hom yewsəd "let him take according to his work"

yäsäb waga attəlgäd "don't touch someone's property"

ärəf-əm tona "rest and sit down" (sit down quietly)

Ntụaka

bụ asụsụ Gurage nke nde mmadụ na-asụ na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Etiopia . Ọ bụ asụsụ Semitic Etiopia nke ezinụlọ Northern Gurage. Ndị na-asụ ya, ndị Soddo

Ọgụgụ ọzọ

• Cohen, Marcel, Etudes d'éthiopien méridional . Paris: Geuthner 1931.
• Gideon Goldenberg, "Kəstanəñña: Studies in a Northern Gurage Language of Christians", na: Orientlia Suecana 17 (1968), 61-102 [=Gideon Goldenberg, Studies in Semitic Linguistics, The Magnes Press: Jerusalem 1998  ].
• Gideon Goldenberg, "L'étude du gouragué et la comparaison chamito-sémitique", na: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Roma - Problemi attuali di Scienza e di Cultura, Quad. N. 191 II (1974), p. 235–249 [= Ọmụmụ na asụsụ Semitic, p. 463–477].
• Gideon Goldenberg, "Asụsụ Semitic nke Etiopia na nhazi ha", na: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 40 (1977), p. 461–507. [= Ọmụmụ ihe n'asụsụ Semitic, p. 286–332].
• Gideon Goldenberg, “Mmasị asụsụ na Gurage na Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Gurage Etymological” [Ntụleghachi edemede nke Wolf Leslau (1979)], na: Annali, Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli 47 (1987), p. 75–98. [= Ọmụmụ ihe n'asụsụ Semitic, p. 439–462].
• Gideon Goldenberg, "Isi ihe abụọ nke ụtọasụsụ Kəstane", na: Grover Hudson (ed.), Essays na asụsụ na omenala Gurage. : raara nye Wolf Leslau na emume nke 90th ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya, Nọvemba 14, 1996, Harrassowitz: Wiesbaden 1996 (  ), p. 93–99.
• Wolf Leslau, ndị Etiopia na-ekwu : Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara omenala, III. Soddo . Ọmụmụ Ọwụwa Anyanwụ nso, 11. Berkeley: Mahadum California Press 1968.
• Wolf Leslau, Etymological Dictionary of Gurage (Ethiopic) . 3 mpịakọta. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 1979. ISBN 3-447-02041-5 .
• Wolf Leslau, Ọmụmụ Gurage: Akụkọ anakọtara, Otto Harrassowitz: Wiesbaden 1992. ISBN 3-447-03189-1
• Johannes Mayer, Kurze Wörtersammlung na Englisch, Deutsch, Amharisch, Gallansich, Guraguesch, herausgegeben von Dr. L. Krapf. Basel: Pilgermissions-Buchdruckerei St. Grischona 1878.
• Franz Praetorius, "Ueber den Dialekt von Gurāguē", na: Die amharische Sprache, Halle 1879, p. 507–523 (ihe odide ntụkwasị nke abụọ).
• Robert Hetzron, "Main Verb-Markers in Northern Gurage", na: Africa XXXVIII (1968), p. 156–172.
• yä-Kəstane Gurage əmmät (həzb) tarik . Addis Ababa 1986 ( kalenda Etiopia ).

Njikọ mpụga

• Ihe ndekọ nke Ndị Kraịst na Soddo na weebụsaịtị Global Recordings .
• World Atlas of Language Structures ozi na Soddo