Asụsụ Tai Daeng

Tai Daeng, Táy-Môc-Châu ma ọ bụ Red Tai bụ asụsụ ndị Tai Daeng nke dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Vietnam na gafee ókè ruo n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Laos . Ọ bụ nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Tai, na-enwe mmekọrịta chiri anya na Black Tai na White Tai, yana nwee mmekọrịta chiri anya na asụsụ a na-asụ na Thailand nke oge a .

Asụsụ a bụ akụkụ nke obodo Thái gọọmentị Vietnam na nke otu Phu Tai mejupụtara na Laos. ^[1] Otú ọ dị, ndị na-ekwu okwu na Vietnam na-achọkarị ịmata Black Tai, ma ọ bụ Tai Dam, si otú a na-agọnahụ na ha bụ Red Tai.

Nhazi

Ekewapụtara Tai Daeng dị ka nke otu asụsụ Tai-Kadai, nke dị na asụsụ Tai na obere asụsụ Southwwest Tai . Tai Meuay nwere njikọ chiri anya na Tai Daeng.

Nkesa ala

A na-eme atụmatụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-asụ Tai Daeng na ndị na-asụ obodo 80,000, yana ndị agbụrụ dị ihe dị ka 100,000 dị na Vietnam.

Obodo Qiaotou 桥头镇, Hekou County河口县 (n'ime obodo 3 nke Shiyajiao 石崖脚, ^[2] Baini 白尼, ^[3] na Fangluocheng 方洛成; ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 600)
Obodo Gulingqing 古林菁乡, Maguan County马关县 (n'ime obodo 2 nke Panzhihua 攀枝花^[4] na Dongzong 董棕^[5] ); Onu ogugu 500)

fonology

Mpịakọta mkpụrụokwu niile dị na Tai Daeng nwere consonant mbụ ma ọ bụ ụyọkọ consonant, na-esote ụdaume ma ọ bụ diphthong, ma na-ejedebe na nhọrọ ikpeazụ na nkwenye ikpeazụ. Mkpụrụokwu ọ bụla na-ebukwa ụda. Dị ka ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị metụtara ya, Tae Daeng nwere ohere dị iche iche maka ịghọta ụda n'ụdị syllable dị iche iche, dabere na ọnụnọ, enweghị, na ụdị nkwenye ikpeazụ.

Mkpụrụokwu efu bụ ndị na-ejedebe na ụdaume, imi ma ọ bụ ọkara ụdaume mgbe agụbanyere mkpuruokwu bụ ndị nwere p, t, k ma ọ bụ nkwụsị glottal. Tae Daeng nwere ụda ise na mkpụrụokwu efu: ^[6]

1. Na-ebili site na etiti etiti gaa n'ogo dị elu wee na-agbadata: huu 'ntị', taa 'anya'
2. Ọkwa na elu, dị ntakịrị ala karịa ebe kachasị elu nke ụda mbụ: kwuo 'akwa', faa 'na-ekewa'
3. Ebili elu dị ala na nke ukwuu: hay 'ịkwa ákwá' ma ọ bụ 'ubi kpọrọ nkụ', haa 'ise', naŋ 'nọdụ ala'
4. N'etiti nwere ntakịrị ọdịda na nwayọ: naa 'ubi osikapa', cim 'ịtọ ụtọ'
5. Elu falling, glottalized: nɔŋ 'nwanne nke obere', haay 'bad'

Ụda nke mbụ nwere ike were glottalization, mana ọ bụghị iwu. Tae Daeng nwere ụda abụọ na nkeji okwu enyochara:

2. Ọkwa, n'etiti ma ọ bụ dịtụ elu karịa etiti: n'apata 'iji mechie (anya)' ma ọ bụ 'ịkụba', ute 'flea' ma ọ bụ 'iji kee n'ime ngwugwu', bɔɔk 'ifuru'
3. Na-ebili ala: moot 'otu'. Dị ka Gedney si kwuo, nucleus nke syllables nke ụdị a na-abụkarị diphthong ma ọ bụ ụdaume ogologo oge.

Ụtọ asụsụ

Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ

Tae Deang na-ejikarị ngwaa arụ ọrụ usoro ngwaa nke ejikọtara ngwaa abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa n'otu nkeji.

Syntax

Tae Daeng na-eji usoro okwu isiokwu-Verb-Object na n'ihi enweghị ntụgharị na ngwaa, ọrụ syntactic na-esite n'usoro okwu na amụma amụma. Akụkụ ahụ na-eme mgbanwe nke ukwuu na enwere ike ịhụ ya na njedebe nke ahịrịokwu iji mesie ike, jụọ ajụjụ, nye iwu ma ọ bụ gosi ọkwa amara ma ọ bụ nkwanye ùgwù. ^{[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]}

Usoro edemede

Tai Daeng dị iche na mmekọrịta chiri anya ya White Tai na Black Tai na, ọ bụ ezie na ọ naghị egosipụta usoro ederede nke ya, ndị na-ekwu okwu na-eji edemede Tai Viet eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ. ^[6]

Ntụaka

n'ezie, mana ndị agbata obi Taraon, Kaman, Idu, na ndị Tibet na-ezo aka n'aha dị iche iche.n'ezie, mana ndị agbata obi Taraon, Kaman, Idu, na ndị Tibet na-ezo aka n'aha dị iche iche.

↑ Did you know Tai Daeng is threatened?. Archived from the original on 2019-11-17. Retrieved on 2025-03-20.
↑ 河口瑶族自治县桥头苗族壮族乡老汪山村委会石崖脚村. Archived from the original on 2016-11-30. Retrieved on 2016-11-30.
↑ 河口瑶族自治县桥头苗族壮族乡老汪山村委会白泥寨村. Archived from the original on 2016-11-30. Retrieved on 2016-11-30.
↑ 马关县古林箐乡攀枝花攀枝花村. Archived from the original on 2016-11-30. Retrieved on 2016-11-30.
↑ 马关县古林箐乡攀枝花懂棕林村. Archived from the original on 2016-12-01. Retrieved on 2016-11-30.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Gedney (1989). "A comparative sketch of White, Black, and Red Tai". Gedney, W.J. (1989). (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-10-16. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[1] Did you know Tai Daeng is threatened?. Archived from the original on 2019-11-17. Retrieved on 2025-03-20.

[2] 河口瑶族自治县桥头苗族壮族乡老汪山村委会石崖脚村. Archived from the original on 2016-11-30. Retrieved on 2016-11-30.

[3] 河口瑶族自治县桥头苗族壮族乡老汪山村委会白泥寨村. Archived from the original on 2016-11-30. Retrieved on 2016-11-30.

[4] 马关县古林箐乡攀枝花攀枝花村. Archived from the original on 2016-11-30. Retrieved on 2016-11-30.

[5] 马关县古林箐乡攀枝花懂棕林村. Archived from the original on 2016-12-01. Retrieved on 2016-11-30.

[Gedney-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Gedney (1989). "A comparative sketch of White, Black, and Red Tai". Gedney, W.J. (1989). (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-10-16. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

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