Asụsụ Tamanic
Ọdịdị
Asụsụ Tamanic bụ obere asụsụ Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan :
- Embaloh (gụnyere Kalis)
- Taman (Taman Dayak)
Asụsụ Tamanic enweghị njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Borneo. Kama, ha so na asụsụ South Sulawesi, ma eleghị anya n'otu alaka yana Buginese . [1]
Mgbanwe ụda
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nke a bụ ndepụta mgbanwe ụda sitere na Proto-Malayo-Polynesia n'asụsụ Tamanic dị iche iche.
Consonants
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ngwakọta ụda olu:
- *D jikọtara na d .
- *j jikọtara n'ime s, mana ejikọta na d na-eso * n .
- *h, *q jikota n'ime ∅, Otú ọ dị, na okwu-ikpeazụ ọnọdụ ka ha pụta dị iche iche.
- *z jikọtara na d .
- Lenition na intervocalic ọnọdụ:
- *-b- > -w- (mgbe ụfọdụ na-ehichapụ).
- *-d- > -r- (nke izizi *D na *z na-emetụtakwa).
- *-ŋ-, *-k- > -∅- na Taman ( *takut > ataut ).
- Mgbe ewepụtara ma ọ bụ na-eso consonant imi, fọnịm izizi na-adị.
- *l na-ejikọta ya na r tupu r n'otu nkeji ma ọ bụ na-eso syllable ( * ulaR > urar "agwọ").
- Na Taman, * r na-agbanwekwa ka n after *r ( urar : ura ).
- Mmepe nke njedebe glottal ikpeazụ ( -ʔ ) sitere na isi mmalite enweghị nkọwa.
- *-q > -ʔ, ma *-h > *-∅
- A na-echepụta ihe omume ndị ọzọ site na ekwentị izizi Proto-Malayo-Polynesian -ʔ .
Udaume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- *aya, aV > *a: ( qi Daya > Embaloh ira: )
- Na Taman, a na-egosipụta ya mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ɛ: ( Malay lain > lɛ: n ).
- * ewepụrụ gị n'ihu * u na nkeji okwu na-esonụ ( *tumpul > timpul "blunt").
- *ay, *ey na *aw, *ew e bụ monophthonged n'ime e na o, n'otu n'otu.
- *-iq na *-uq ghọrọ -e na -o n'otu n'otu.
Nkọwapụta ihe ọhụrụ pụrụ iche na ezinụlọ asụsụ South Sulawesi ma ọ bụ Buginese
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Enwere ọtụtụ myirịta n'asụsụ South Sulawesi, dịka ọmụmaatụ:
| Proto-Malayo-
Polynesian |
Proto-South-
Sulawesi |
Buginese | Embaloh | Taman | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nose | *qijuŋ | *illoŋ | iŋəʔ | iŋar | iŋir |
| self | *diʀi | *kal-aw-e | ale | kale | ? |
| outside | *uda | *saliwAn | saliwəŋ | saluan | saluan |
| tooth | *ipən | *isi | isi | isi | isi |
| sleep | *tuDuʀ | *tindo | tinro | tindoʔ | tindoʔ |
| wake up | *baŋun | *səddiŋ | səddiŋ | asadiŋ | sadiŋ |
| above; top | *babaw | *babo | asəʔ | aset | ? |
| forget | *lupa | - | lilu | liluʔ | liluʔ |
| world | - | *lino | lino | lino | ? |
| orphan | - | - | biu | biu | ? |
| rainbow | - | - | tarauʔ | tataraʔueʔ | ? |
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]anọchite anya olumba atọ nke Naba na-ekewa. Ha na-ebi tumadi na Batha
- ↑ Smith (2017). "The Western Malayo-Polynesian Problem". Oceanic Linguistics 56 (2): 435–490. DOI:10.1353/ol.2017.0021.