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Asụsụ Tamanic

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Asụsụ Tamanic bụ obere asụsụ Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan :

  • Embaloh (gụnyere Kalis)
  • Taman (Taman Dayak)

Asụsụ Tamanic enweghị njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Borneo. Kama, ha so na asụsụ South Sulawesi, ma eleghị anya n'otu alaka yana Buginese . [1]

Mgbanwe ụda

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Nke a bụ ndepụta mgbanwe ụda sitere na Proto-Malayo-Polynesia n'asụsụ Tamanic dị iche iche.

Consonants

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  • Ngwakọta ụda olu:
    • *D jikọtara na d .
    • *j jikọtara n'ime s, mana ejikọta na d na-eso * n .
    • *h, *q jikota n'ime , Otú ọ dị, na okwu-ikpeazụ ọnọdụ ka ha pụta dị iche iche.
    • *z jikọtara na d .
  • Lenition na intervocalic ọnọdụ:
    • *-b- > -w- (mgbe ụfọdụ na-ehichapụ).
    • *-d- > -r- (nke izizi *D na *z na-emetụtakwa).
    • *-ŋ-, *-k- > -∅- na Taman ( *takut > ataut ).
    • Mgbe ewepụtara ma ọ bụ na-eso consonant imi, fọnịm izizi na-adị.
  • *l na-ejikọta ya na r tupu r n'otu nkeji ma ọ bụ na-eso syllable ( * ulaR > urar "agwọ").
    • Na Taman, * r na-agbanwekwa ka n after *r ( urar : ura ).
  • Mmepe nke njedebe glottal ikpeazụ ( ) sitere na isi mmalite enweghị nkọwa.
    • *-q > , ma *-h > *-∅
    • A na-echepụta ihe omume ndị ọzọ site na ekwentị izizi Proto-Malayo-Polynesian .
  • *aya, aV > *a: ( qi Daya > Embaloh ira: )
    • Na Taman, a na-egosipụta ya mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ɛ: ( Malay lain > lɛ: n ).
  • * ewepụrụ gị n'ihu * u na nkeji okwu na-esonụ ( *tumpul > timpul "blunt").
  • *ay, *ey na *aw, *ew e bụ monophthonged n'ime e na o, n'otu n'otu.
  • *-iq na *-uq ghọrọ -e na -o n'otu n'otu.

Nkọwapụta ihe ọhụrụ pụrụ iche na ezinụlọ asụsụ South Sulawesi ma ọ bụ Buginese

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Enwere ọtụtụ myirịta n'asụsụ South Sulawesi, dịka ọmụmaatụ:

Proto-Malayo-

Polynesian

Proto-South-

Sulawesi

Buginese Embaloh Taman
nose *qijuŋ *illoŋ iŋəʔ iŋar iŋir
self *diʀi *kal-aw-e ale kale ?
outside *uda *saliwAn saliwəŋ saluan saluan
tooth *ipən *isi isi isi isi
sleep *tuDuʀ *tindo tinro tindoʔ tindoʔ
wake up *baŋun *səddiŋ səddiŋ asadiŋ sadiŋ
above; top *babaw *babo asəʔ aset ?
forget *lupa - lilu liluʔ liluʔ
world - *lino lino lino ?
orphan - - biu biu ?
rainbow - - tarauʔ tataraʔueʔ ?

Ntụaka

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anọchite anya olumba atọ nke Naba na-ekewa. Ha na-ebi tumadi na Batha

  1. Smith (2017). "The Western Malayo-Polynesian Problem". Oceanic Linguistics 56 (2): 435–490. DOI:10.1353/ol.2017.0021.