Asụsụ Tangkhul
Tangkhul bụ asụsụ Sino-Tibet nke ngalaba Tangkhul, nke a na-asụ n'obodo dị iche iche nke Ukhrul district, Manipur, India. Okwu a bụ "Tangkhul" sitere na okwu asụsụ Meitei, tāng ( ꯇꯥꯡ, ' ) na khūl ( ꯈꯨꯜ, ' ). [1] Dị ka echiche ọzọ si kwuo, okwu ahụ bụ "Tangkhul" sitere na "Thankhul", nke pụtara "Than obodo" n'asụsụ Meitei . [2] [3] [4]
Tangkhul ghọrọ asụsụ edere na nke mbụ ya n'afọ 1897, mgbe William Pettigrew chịkọtara "Tangkhul Primer na Catechism" n'oge ọrụ ozi ala ọzọ nke Ndị Kraịst . [5]
Ngalaba nhazi asụsụ na mmejuputa gọọmentị nke Manipur na-enye nchikota ₹ 5,000 ., nye onye ọ bụla na-amụ asụsụ Tangkhul, n'okpuru usoro na ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. [6]
Tangkhul na-eketa 93%-94% myirịta lexical na ụdị Somra dị iche iche nke Tangkhul, 31% na Tangkhul Naga na-asụ na India, 51%-52% na Akyaung Ari Naga, na 29%-32% na Koki Naga . [7]
fonology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Consonants
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Bilabial | Labio-<br id="mwVg"><br><br><br> eze | eze / Alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | enweghị olu | p | t | k | ʔ | ||
| achọsi ike | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | ||||
| Mmekọrịta | tʃ | ||||||
| Nke na-ese okwu | enweghị olu | f | s | h | |||
| nasalized | s̃ | ||||||
| kwuputara | z | ||||||
| Ihu imi | m | n | ŋ | ||||
| Rhotic | r | ||||||
| N'akụkụ | l | ||||||
| Odika | w | ʋ | j | ||||
- Kwụsị ụda /pt tʃ k/ nwere ike kwupụtala allophones [bd dʒ ɡ] na mgbanwe efu.
- Enwere ike ịnụ /m/ dị ka [ɱ] mgbe ọ na-ebu ụzọ /f/ ma ọ bụ /ʋ/.
- Enwere ike ịnụ /r/ dị ka [r] ma ọ bụ [ɾ] na mgbanwe n'efu.
| N'ihu | Central | Azu | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mechie | i | ɨ | u |
| N'etiti | e | ə | o |
| Mepee | a |
- /ieau/ nwere ike ịnwe ụda allophone nke [ɪ ɛ ɯ] na mgbanwe efu. [8]
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]kammadụ 443 ndị a nyochara na-ekwu na ha na-asụ asụsụ ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na ọtụtụ n'ime ha anaghị asụ ya dị ka asụsụ
- ↑ Sanyu (1996). A History of Nagas and Nagaland: Dynamics of Oral Tradition in Village Formation, University of Michigan (in en), Commonwealth Publishers, 25. ISBN 978-81-7169-369-6. “... a sparse nature of settlement that the Tangkhul tribe got its name. In Meitei language-literally, Tang means scarce and khul means village.”
- ↑ Shimray (2001). History of the Tangkhul Nagas (in en). Akansha Publishing House, 43. ISBN 978-81-87606-04-8. “... the village which they lived was known by the name ' THANKHUL ' meaning Than - Village in Meitei language . Therefore, the name ' TANGKHUL ' is derived from Than - Khul ...”
- ↑ Lisam (2011). Encyclopaedia Of Manipur (3 Vol.) (in en). Gyan Publishing House, 516. ISBN 978-81-7835-864-2. “The name Tangkhul was given to them by the Meiteis. There are many legends regarding the origin of the word Tangkhul.”
- ↑ History | Ukhrul District, Government of Manipur | India (en, mni). National Informatics Centre. “The name Tangkhul was given to them by their neighbours, the Meiteis. The northern Tangkhuls were also called the Luhupas.”
- ↑ S (2023-11-26). Manipur: Literature festival strives to promote Tangkhul language (en-US). EastMojo. Retrieved on 2023-11-27.
- ↑ Applications invited for local language training programme (en). Imphal Free Press. Archived from the original on 2024-12-01. Retrieved on 2025-03-16.
- ↑ Myanmar. Ethnologue: Languages of the World (2016). Archived from the original on 2016-10-10.
- ↑ Ahum (1997). Tangkhul-Naga grammar: a study of word formation. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University.