Asụsụ Tarok
| Tarok iTárók[1] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Nigeria | |
| Region: | Plateau State, Taraba State | |
| Total speakers: | 520,000 | |
| Language family: | Nnijer–Kongo Atlantic–Congo Benue–Congo Plateau Tarokoid Tarok–Pai Tarok | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | —
| |
| ISO 639-3: | yer
| |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Tarok ( ), makwaara dị ka Yergam ma ọ bụ Appa[1] bụ asụsụ ndị mmadụ 520,000 na-asụ nke ọma na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke steeti Plateau nke Nigeria, ebe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka asụsụ obodo. Tarok bụ onye otu Plateau nke ezinụlọ Atlantic–Congo.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Tarok nwere ụdaume asaa, /i ɨ u ɛ ə ɔ a/. A na-etinye akara IPA na tebụl dị n'okpuru ebe a tinyere ụdị orthographic na oghere oghere.
| N'ihu | Central | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elu | na-agụnye⟨i⟩ | N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ ga-adị n'anya⟨ə⟩ | Ọ bụ na-agụ⟨u⟩ |
| Ebe Dị Ala | Ọ bụ n'ihi ya⟨e⟩ | N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị⟨a̱⟩ | Ọ bụ otú ahụ ka a na-akọ⟨o⟩ |
| Ala Dị Ala | n'ihi ya⟨a⟩ |
Mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Tarok nwere ndepụta ndepụta nkeume iri na abụọ asaa, nke egosiri na ngwaọrụ dị n'okpuru. A na-enye allophones na parentheses.
| Bilabial | Ọmụmụ anụmanụ | Alveolar | Ọkpụkpụ agbà | Palatal | Velar | Ebe a na-anọ amụ ihe | Mkpịsị aka | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive / Affricate | enweghị olu | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | k͡p | ʔ | ||
| kwuru okwu | b | d | d͡ʒ | g | g͡b | ||||
| Implosive | ɓ | ɗ | |||||||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | enweghị olu | f | ʃ | h | |||||
| kwuru okwu | v | ʒ | ɣ | ||||||
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | ɳ | ŋ | (ŋ͡m) * | ||||
| N'akụkụ | l | ||||||||
| Na-eme mkpọtụ | r | ||||||||
| Ọkara ụdaolu | j | w | |||||||
* Olu egbugbere ọnụ [ŋ͡m] na-apụta dị ka allophone nke ụdaume imi syllabic n'ihu labiovelar plosives /k͡p/ na /g͡b/.[1]
Aha maka asụsụ ndị ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dị ka asụsụ obodo, Tarok gosipụtara n'ụzọ pụtara ìhè na agbụrụ mpaghara nke ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Plateau State. Ọtụtụ agbụrụ Tarok nwekwara ike ịchọta ndị nna nna ha laghachi azụ na ndị na-asụ Chadic, na-ezo aka na ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Chadic na-abanye n'ime obodo Tarok. Ụfọdụ aha Tarok maka asụsụ ndị agbata obi dị ka Longtau (2004) si kwuo:
| Asụsụ | Nchịkọta | Aha Tarok |
|---|---|---|
| Ngas | West Chadic A.3 | Nwa nnụnụ |
| Boghom | West Chadic B.3 | Burom |
| Duguri | Jarawan | Duguri |
| Goemai | West Chadic A.3 | Lar |
| Jukun-Wase | Jukunoid | Jor |
| Kanam | West Chadic B.3 ? | (Tarok amaghị) |
| Kantana | Jarawan | Kantana |
| Dị ka | West Chadic A.3 | Dwal |
| Pe | Tarokoid | Pe |
| Dị ka | West Chadic A.3 | Dị ka |
| Ndịda | Tarokoid | (Tarok amaghị) |
| Yangkam | Tarokoid | Yangkam |
| Yiwom | West Chadic A.3 | Zhan |
| Zaar | West Chadic B.3 | Zhim |
Orthography
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| a | a̲ | b | ɓ | c | d | ka | na | Isiokwu | f | gb |
| gh | i | j | k | kp | l | m | n | ny | ŋ | o |
| p | r | s | sh | t | u | v | w | na | z | zh |
Ihe edeturu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]^ Ụdị aha a bụ Yergəm na Yergum.[1]
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Longtau (2008). Tarok language : its basic principles and grammar. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Onah (Dec 2022). "A Phonological Description of Tarok". Journal of English and Communication in Africa 5 (3&4): 1–24. Retrieved on 27 January 2025. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "onah" defined multiple times with different content