Asụsụ Tawala
Tawala bụ asụsụ oke osimiri nke Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea . Ndị mmadụ 20,000 bi n'ime ime obodo na obere obodo dị na East Cape Peninsula, n'ikpere mmiri nke Milne Bay na n'akụkụ agwaetiti Sideia na Basilaki na-asụ ya. Enwere ihe dị ka ebe ndị isi obodo 40 nke ọ bụla na-asụ otu olumba, ọ bụ ezie na site na usoro ịchịisi ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ enwetala aha ọma karịa ndị ọzọ.
fonology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Tawala nwere ngwa ngwa consonant nke consonants iri na iteghete, nkezi ụdaume ụdaume nke ụdaume ise, yana kwa nkezi consonant-ụdaume nke atọ. [1]
Consonants
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p b | t d | k g | ʔ | |
| Plosive nke a na-akpọ aha | pʷ bʷ | kʷ ɡʷ | |||
| imi | m | n | |||
| Imi agbaji | mʷ | ||||
| Nke na-ese okwu | s | h | |||
| Odika | j | ɭ | w |
/j/ may have a fricative quality [z] when between low vowels.
Udaume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| N'ihu | Central | Azu | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elu | i | u | |
| N'etiti | e | o | |
| Dị ala | a |
/a/ can be fronted before /u/ as [æ] in a stressed syllable.
Syntax
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nkebiokwu na-abụghị okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Tawala, dị ka ọtụtụ asụsụ Austronesia, na-eji ihe owuwu na nkebiokwu anaghị ekwu okwu eme ihe ugboro ugboro. Nke a pụtara na ahịrịokwu enweghị ngwaa, ọ bụghị ahịrịokwu na-ekwughị okwu. N'ọnọdụ ndị a, ngwaa na-apụta naanị site na isiokwu, ihe, na gburugburu. Ndị na-esonụ bụ ihe atụ dị mfe di na nwunye nke nkebi ahịrịokwu ndị na-abụghị okwu ọnụ: na ihe niile enweghị copula ma ọ bụ ngwaa:
Ihe ngosi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Enwere ihe ngosi atọ na Tawala. A na-emesi ike atọ ahụ ike okwu ụdị n'efu nke nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka nkọwa gbasara oghere, na abụọ nwekwara ike iji mee ihe ngosi ngosi. Haziri nke ọma na nnwere onwe nke iji ha eme ihe, ha na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ naanị okwu n'ahịrịokwu na-abụghị ọnụ.
| Onye | Nọmba | |
|---|---|---|
| Otu | Ọtụtụ | |
| 1 INC | -u/we | -ta |
| 1 EXCL | -yai | |
| 2 | -m | -mi |
| 3 | -na | -hi |
Ọmụmaatụ: Ihe atụ na-esonụ na-egosi ojiji e ji ụfọdụ nnochiaha onwe ndị a dị n'elu mee ihe n'okwu gbara ya gburugburu.
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]suffixes inflectional. Ihe nrịbama ikpe na-ejikọta naanị na akụkụ ikpeazụ nke nkebiokwu aha, okwu ọ bụla n'ime nkebiokwu ahụ na-ewere akara
- ↑ The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Archived from the original on 2010-06-12. Retrieved on 2010-06-03., chapters 1-3