Asụsụ Tikopia

Tikopia
Spoken in:	Solomon Islands
Region:	Tikopia
Total speakers:	Templeeti:Sigfig
Language family:	Tustrunizit; Tikopia
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	—
ISO 639-3:	tkp
	Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

Asụsụ Tikopia, ma ọ bụ FakaTikopia, bụ egwuregwu Polynesia Outlier sitere n'asụsụetiti Tikopia na Solomon Islands. Ọ nwere njikọ njikọ chiri anya na Anuta_language" id="mwFA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Anuta language">Asụsụ Anuta nke nchọpụta Anụta dị nso; ụfọdụ ndị ọkachamara akara [onye?] ebi na ha bụ olumba nke otu ụbọchị ahụ..

Ihe dị ka mmadụ 3,320 na-asụ asụsụ ahụ, a naghịkwa ele ya anya dị ka ihe nọ n'ihe ize ndụ.

Asụsụ ahụ eritewo uru site na ụmụ zuru oke nke onye na-amụ ụmụ ụmụ bụ Raymond Firth (1901-2002).

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

N'ihi ebe dịpụrụ iche na nke dị iche iche, Tikopia nwere obere obere na ndị na-eso ruo na ike afụ nke iri abụọ. Otu ihe iche bụ ndị Melanesia bi na Vanikoro, ndị na-eso bi n'etiti Tikopia na ha na-eme egwuregwu ihe mgbe niile ọtụtụ ebe awụ.[2][3][3]]

Ndị Tikopian na-eleta agwaetiti ndị ọzọ mgbe ụfọdụ, mana njem ndị a nwere oke anya na nnukwu ihe ize ndụ na-emetụta iji ụgbọ mmiri mee njem ahụ. Mmekọrịta ya na ndị ọdịda anyanwụ malitere site n'oge ruo n'oge na mmalite nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu; na 1927, mgbe Raymond Firth rụrụ ọrụ ubi mbụ ya na Tikopia, ọdịbendị ụmụ amaala ahụ ka dị. Ndị isi na-akpọtụrụ ndị Tikopian bụ ndị ozi ala ọzọ na ndị na-ewe ndị ọrụ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1950, ndị Tikopian niile aghọwo Ndị Kraịst, ọtụtụ n'ime ememe omenala ndị obodo ahụ akwụsịla. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụdị ndụ Tikopian anọgidewo na-enweghị nsogbu, ọ bụ ezie na Westernization emeela.^[1]

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

Mkpụrụ okwu

Tikopia nwere ụdaume iri na otu. A na-ede ha: k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, ng.^[2]

Mkpụrụ okwu [6]
	Akpụkpọ ahụ	Ezé / Alveolar	Velar
Ụgbọ imi	m	n	ŋ
Plosive	p	t̪	k
Ihe na-esiri ike	v-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwYg" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" typeof="mw:Transclusion">f v	s
Ihe na-atọ ụtọ		r
N'akụkụ		l̪

/p, t̪, k/ na-asọpụta (, [t̪h], ) tupu /u/.[7]
/v/ bụ [w] n'etiti tupu /u/.[8]

A na-arụrịta ụka ma Tikpia ọ na-eji ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. Samuel Elbert kwuru na e ji /l/ mee ihe mana ọ bụghị /r/ . [9] Raymond Firth kwuru, "Dumont D'Urville akwụkwọ obere akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na 1834 ebe a chị agwa okwu 235". Sā Rā okwu n'okwu 50 ebe Sā Ràrè n'okwu 15.[9] Asụsụ ahụ n'ime ihe ụmụaka otu mfe awụ ma n'oge a, a na-okwu ndị ọzọ eme ihe na-esote. Ọrụ nke Raymond Firth na-egosi na a na-eji ụkwụ na-eje ije eme ihe, okwu mana ndị nwere ike ikpughe mmetụta.[10]

Mkpụrụedemede

Mkpụrụedemede[11]
	N'ihu	Central	Ịlaghachi azụ
N'akụkụ	i		u
N'etiti	e		o
Emeghe		a

/e/ na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti [e] na [ɛ], dịka, /peti/ [ˈpeti ~ ˈpɛti] ''.[12]
/o/ na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'efu n'etiti [o] na [ɔ], dịka, /foŋa/ [ˈfoŋa ~ ˈfɔŋa] ''.[13]
/a/ na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti [a] na [ʌ], dịka, /muna/ [ˈmuna ~ ˈmunʌ] 'ikwu' . [13]

Dodenhoff (1982) n'akwụsịghị eje dị iche iche, mana o kwuru na W. J. Durrad imera ihe atụ abụọ na Raymond Firth njikọra otu.[14][15] Enwere ike ị ike ogologo ụkwụ a site na abụọ n'akụkụ nkeume, ma ọ bụ na macron na mgbaume.

Orthography

Dodenhoff na-eji orthography a: [16]

Phoneme	Allophones	Orthography
/m/	[m]	m
/n/	[n]	n
/ŋ/	[ŋ]	ng
/l/	[l]	l
/r/	[r]	r
/f/	[f]	f
/v/	[v], [w]	v
/s/	[s]	s
/i/	[i]	i
/e/	[e], [ɛ]	na
/a/	[a], [ʌ]	a
/o/	[ma ọ bụ], [ọ][o][ɔ]	o
/u/	[u]	u

Asụsụ

Usoro okwu bụ isi

Usoro okwu bụ isi na Tikpia bụ isiokwu-okwu-ihe, mana mgbe ụfọdụ a na-eji ngwaa-ihe-ihe..^[2]

Mgbasawanye

Tikopia na-eji reduplication nke nta, na-ejikarị koodu ọtụtụ na ngwaa.^[2]

Okwu

Okwu ndị a gbazitere

Isi mmalite nke okwu ndị a gbazitere sitere na Anuta, Mota, Hawaiian, na Bekee.

pakutini - "ụgbụgbọ"
atamole - "watermelon"
Raị - "osikapa"
pīni - "beans"
poi - "anụ e gburu egbu"
piksha - "ihe osise"
kastom - "omume"
leta - "akwụkwọ ozi"

Ihe onwunwe n'asụsụ

Ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ ndị e dekọrọ n'asụsụ a sitere n'aka onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Raymond Firth; Tikopia enweghị ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ruo n'oge a. N'afọ 1928, Firth nọrọ otu afọ; ọ laghachiri n'afọ 1952 maka ọnwa ise ọzọ na ọzọ n'afọ 1966. Naanị otu onye, Reverend W. J. Durrad na 1910 onye nọrọ ọnwa abụọ, dekọrọ akwụkwọ tupu.

Raymond Firth akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu maka akwụkwọ Tikopian.[1] Ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'asụsụ ahụ: edemede nke Bible; vidiyo YouTube ole na ole; ụfọdụ akwụkwọ abụ. Onye na-ahụ maka ahụmahụ A. François emeela obere ihe ngosi mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'aka na obodo Tikopian nke Vanikoro.

Nkwupụta na njikọ

Ihe edeturu

↑ Lagace. Society-TIKOPIA. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Firth (1985). Tikopia-English Dictionary. Auckland: University of Auckland Press. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Firth1985" defined multiple times with different content

Ihe odide

Dillon (1830). Voyage aux îles de la mer du Sud, en 1827 et 1828, et Relation de la découverte du sort de La Pérouse. Par le Capitaine Peter Dillon. Paris: Pillet Aîné.
Dodenhoff (1982). "A Tikopia phonology", in Lynch: Papers in Linguistics of Melanesia No. 4.. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. DOI:10.15144/PL-A64.155.
Firth (1961). History and Traditions of Tikopia. Wellington: The Polynesian Society.
Firth (1963). "L and R in Tikopia Language". Oceanic Linguistics 2 (2): 49–61.
Monberg (1971). "Tikopia Color Classification". Ethnology 10 (3): 349–358. DOI:10.2307/3772921.

Njikọ mpụga

Te Rotu Te Kau Kava Tapu Anglican Holy Communion na Tikopia
Paradisec nwere nchịkọta abụọ nke ihe Arthur Capell (AC1, AC2) nke gụnyere ihe asụsụ Tikopia.
"Akụkọ Lapérouse": Nchịkọta ụda na asụsụ Tikopia, nke onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ A. François dekọrọ ma kọwaa, na ohere mepere emepe (Pangloss Collection nke CNRS, Paris) .

[Lagace1974-1] Lagace. Society-TIKOPIA. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.

[Firth1985-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Firth (1985). Tikopia-English Dictionary. Auckland: University of Auckland Press. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Firth1985" defined multiple times with different content

[1]

[2]