Asụsụ Tima
| Tima Di-murik | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Sudan | |
| Region: | Nuba Hills, Southern Kordofan | |
| Total speakers: | Templeeti:Sigfig | |
| Language family: | Nnijer–Kongo Kordofanian Katla languages TimaTempleeti:Infobox Language/script | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | —
| |
| ISO 639-3: | tms
| |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Aha Asụsụ [ 3 ]
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Aha asụsụ ahụ sitere na otu n’ime aha obodo a na-asụ Tima: tɨmmʌ. Ndị mmadụ bi nso na-ejikarị ya eme ihe mana ha esoghị na Tima-Community na n'asụsụ asụsụ. Site na ihe a maara banyere aha a, ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla na-adịghị mma na ya.
Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ejikarị aha 'Tima' eme ihe, ndị na-asụ obodo na-ezo aka na Tima dị ka 'du-murik'.
Aha ndị ọzọ ejiri maka asụsụ a bụ Lomorik, Tamanik na Yibwa.
Ndị na-asụ obodo [ 4 ]
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-asụ Tima n'ime obodo ole na ole dị na Central Sudan, na mpaghara dị n'etiti obodo Katla na Lagawa, na gburugburu Jebel Hill na ugwu Nuba . A na-ekwu na mpaghara a nwere ndị na-asụ asụsụ obodo nwere ihe dị ka ụzọ anọ n'ụzọ ise nke ndị na-asụ Tima niile, n'agbanyeghị na ọ siri ike ikwu ma ọ bụrụ na ebe a enyerela aka ziri ezi ruo taa. Ndị na-asụ obodo na-akpọ ebe obibi ha 'lu-murik' na onwe ha 'i-murik' n'ụdị dị iche iche ma ọ bụ 'ko-murik' n'ụdị otu.
Nhazi okwu [ 5 ]
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Okwu Tima nwere ọtụtụ mgbakwunye. A na-eji prefixes aha aha dị ka ihe ngosi nke klaasị aha na ọnụọgụ aha.
E nwekwara ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke suffixes nke dịka ọmụmaatụ na-eme dị ka ụfọdụ ngwaa ndọtị.
A na-eji ihe ga-eme n'ọdịnihu eme ihe, mgbe e kwuru na omume ga-eme n'ezie n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe oge okwu gasịrị.
A na-eji akara 'dV-' a na-emebu na ngwaa ebe a, mana n'adịghị ka ọdịnihu na-adịghị agwụ agwụ, ejighị ihe nrịbama 'c-' ezughị okè.
Ọ dịkwa ike iji ihe dị ugbu a mee ihe mgbe a na-ekwu maka ihe ga-eme n'ọdịnihu. Ihe gbasara nkwupụta ahụ dị ezigbo mkpa na nke a n'ihi na ọ ga-akọwa na ọdịnihu doro anya pụtara, ọ bụrụgodị na a na-eji ihe dị ugbu a eme ihe. N'okwu a, a naghịzi eji morpheme eme ihe n'ọdịnihu. Iji mee ka akụkụ a na-emebu pụta ìhè, enwere ike ịgbakwunye ngwa ngwa 'ʈɔʈɔk'.
Iji mesie eziokwu ahụ bụ na a na-eji ọdịnihu eme ihe, ọ bụghị ihe ọhụrụ na a na-agbakwunye adverbials.
- Dịka ọmụmaatụ
- 'batɪn' = na-abịa ọzọ
- 'kʊhnaŋ' = ugbu a / naanị
Enwekwara ụdịdị dị iche iche nke ọdịnihu a kapịrị ọnụ ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri ya na otu ọnọdụ ọnọdụ.
Nsogbu na-abụghị Ọdịnihu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-ejikarị ọnọdụ a eme ihe maka ọnọdụ niile na-abụghị n'ọdịnihu, ya bụ ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga, ihe omume izugbe ma ọ bụ ihe na-aga n'ihu.
Ọ bụrụ n’ịtụle ngwaa n’ọdịnihu na nke na-abụghị n’ọdịnihu, ọ nweghị akara doro anya maka ihe na-abụghị ọdịnihu ebe akara ‘dV-’ ga-abụ n’ọdịnihu, mana kama enwere akara isiokwu iji na ngwaa, nke dị iche maka oge ọ bụla na-abụghị ọdịnihu.
Oge gara aga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dị ka ekwuru n'elu, oge gara aga bụ ihe na-enweghị akara na ọdịdị ya na enwere ike ịmata ya na ihe ndị ọzọ site na akara isiokwu. Enwere akara proclitic n'agbanyeghị, nke na-ejikọta ya na onye nrịbama na ngwaa ahụ, nke na-egosi oge gara aga:
- SG ‘a-‘
- PL ‘i-‘
Nke a na-ebute morpheme nke na-ejide ozi gbasara ihe ahụ na isiokwu.
Enwere ihe dị iche n'etiti Ochie gara aga na Remote gara aga, nke a ga-akọwawa ya n'okpuru.
Na nso nso a gara aga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Oge gara aga na nso nso a bụ nsogbu, ejiri ma ọ bụrụ na ekwuru ihe omume gara aga ka na-ejikọta ya na oge ugbu a. Iji mee akara n'ọgba aghara a, ejiri otu akara isiokwu jikọtara 'a-' (sg.) na 'i-' (pl.) gara aga. Ihe nrịbama gara aga si ebe a na-ebute akara onye:
| morpheme dị iche iche | portmanteau morpheme | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG | a+iŋ | ɛŋ |
| 2SG | a+a | aa |
| 3SG | a+ŋ | aŋ |
| 1PL . INCL | a+i | ɛɛ |
| 1PL . EXCL | a+i | ɛɛ |
| 2PL | ai | ɛ |
| 3PL | a ŋ | aŋ |
[10]
Nke na-ebute mkpụrụokwu dị ka nke a, dịka:
- 2SG 'aa-kumun-ŋaŋ' =you found it
Iji mesie njikọ dị n'etiti oge gara aga na nke ugbu a n'ọgba aghara a, ma ọ bụ okwu mgbasa ozi na-ejikarị eme ihe ma ọ bụ tinye otu akụkụ akara '-ataŋ' na njedebe nke ngwaa-mgbọrọgwụ.
Ogologo oge gara aga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Oge gara aga ma ọ bụ izugbe gara aga na-akọwa ihe mere ogologo oge gara aga site na oge okwu. Dị ka ọ dị n'oge gara aga, a na-ejikọta akara ngosi proclitic oge gara aga na akara isiokwu mana ọ dị iche karịa nke gara aga.
Dabere n'usoro ahịrịokwu ahụ, akara 1sg isiokwu proclitic bụ 'uŋ-' (SVO) ma ọ bụ 'iŋ-' (OSV).
Ihe ndị ọzọ na-ezighi ezi na-adị na njikọta na ikpe ziri ezi. Ebe a na-eji akara 'nʌ' onye ahụ, mana ọ nwere ike ịgbanwe dabere na ngwaa na nkwenye ya na mmalite nke mgbọrọgwụ ngwaa.
Nsogbu dị ugbu a
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-eji oge a kọwaa ihe na-eme n'oge a na-ekwu okwu, ya bụ maka ịkọwa ihe na-aga n'ihu ma ọ bụ na-emekarị.
A na-eji akara 'cV-' na-aga n'ihu ebe a, mana ụdị ya dabere na akara isiokwu nke ngwaa ọ bụla. Nke a na-ebute n'ahịrịokwu a na-atụgharị ya ka ọ na-aga n'ihu ma ọ bụ na-emekarị.
Maka ịkọwa usoro ma ọ bụ kwupụta ahịrịokwu, akara na-aga n'ihu na-ada kpam kpam ma naanị akara isiokwu na ngwaa-mgbọrọgwụ ka a na-eji.
Ọnụọgụ [ 11 ]
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Usoro ngụkọ n'asụsụ Tima na-arụ ọrụ na prefixes abụọ dị iche iche .
Ewezuga usoro a bụ nọmba 1. Akara ya na nganiihu 'a-/ʌ-'.
Maka ọnụọgụgụ 2 ruo 10, a na-eji prefix 'ɪ-/i-' ma ọ na-egosi otu ọnụọgụgụ ndị ahụ.
Nọmba ndị a sitere na 11 ruo 19 nwere aha ndị sitere na nchikota nke aha sitere na nọmba 1 ruo 9 gbakwunyere prefix 't̪a-'. Nke a yikarịrị ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-egosi na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ bụ "site na 10 gaa n'ihu" ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka "gbakwunyere".
| base numeral | +10 | × 10 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | a-tɪɪn | 11 | ta-tɪɪn | 10 | ɪ-hɪdakʊn | ||
| 2 | ɪ-hɪɪk | 12 | ta-hɪɪk | 20 | i-hʌdʌkun ɪhɪɪk | ||
| 3 | ɪ-hwaay | 13 | ta-hwaay | 30 | i-hʌdʌkun ɪhwaay | ||
| 4 | ɪ-halɘm | 14 | ta-halɘm | 40 | i-hʌdʌkun ɪhalɘm | ||
| 5 | i-duliin | 15 | ta-duliin | 50 | i-hʌdʌku idulii | ||
| 6 | ɪ-nt̪ɘdakwalɔɔŋ | 16 | ta-nt̪ɘdakwalɔɔŋ | 60 | i-hʌdʌku int̪ɘdakwalɔɔ | ||
| 7 | ɪ-ntatɪŋɛɛl | 17 | ta-ntatɪŋɛɛl | 70 | i-hʌdʌku intatɪŋɛɛ | ||
| 8 | ɪ-nt̪ɪŋɛrɛɛy | 18 | ta-nt̪ɪŋɛrɛɛy | 80 | i-hʌdʌku int̪ɪŋɛrɛɛ | ||
| 9 | ɪ-nt̪ahʌdʌkun | 19 | ta-nt̪ahʌdʌkun | 90 | i-hʌdʌku int̪ahʌdʌku | ||
| 10 | ɪ-hɪdakʊn | 20 | i-hʌdʌkun ɪhɪɪk | 100 | i-hʌdʌku ihʌdʌku | ||
Ọgụgụ ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Hadiyya nwere usoro zuru ezu maka akara aha, nwere ihe dị ka isi okwu itoolu: absolutive (ụdị isi), nominative, genitive, dative, ablative, locative, instrumental, comitative, and similative . A na-eji absolutive mee ihe maka isiokwu dị n'ahịrịokwu na ihe dị mfe mgbe isiokwu ahụ na-eme ihe. Ọ bụrụ na aha bụ ihe doro anya, a na-agbakwunye suffixes kpọmkwem iji gosi ọrụ ya n'ahịrịokwu ahụ, ebe aha na-enweghị njedebe na-anọgide na-enweghị akara n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ.