Asụsụ Toraja-Saʼdan
| Toraja-SaTempleeti:Hamzadan | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Indonesia | |
| Region: | Sulawesi | |
| Total speakers: | Templeeti:Sigfig | |
| Language family: | Tustrunizit Malayo-Polynesian South Sulawesi Northern Toraja Toraja-SaTempleeti:Hamzadan | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | —
| |
| ISO 639-3: | sda
| |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Toraja-Saʼ (nke a na-akpọkwa Toraja, Saʼdan, South Toraja) bụ Asụsụ Austronesian a na-asụ na South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ọ na-ekerịta aha Taeʼ na East Toraja. Ọ bụ ndị ozi ala ọzọ Dutch na-arụ ọrụ na Sulawesi, dị ka Nicolaus Adriani na Hendrik van der Veen mere ọtụtụ n'ime mmeri Toraja.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| N'ihu | Central | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N'akụkụ | i | u | |
| N'etiti | e | o | |
| Emeghe | a |
| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Mkpịsị aka | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Plosive/Africate |
enweghị olu | p | t | (tʃ) | k | ʔ |
| kwuru okwu | b | d | (dʒ) | ɡ | ||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | s | (h) | ||||
| Rhotic | r | |||||
| N'akụkụ | l | |||||
| Ihe atụ | w | j | ||||
A na-anụ ọrịa [tʃ, dʒ] site na okwu ndị Indonesia. /h/ na- enweghị eme.
Na ọnọdụ ikpeazụ, ọ bụ naanị /n/, /ŋ/, /k/ na /ʔ/ nwere ike ịpụta.[1]
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Sande (1977). "On the Phonology of the Toraja Kesuʔ Dialect", in Ignatius Suharno: Miscellaneous Studies in Indonesian and Languages in Indonesia, Part IV, NUSA 5. Jakarta: Badan Penyelenggara Seri NUSA, 19–34.
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Waterson, Roxana (2012). "Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Okwu na Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Ngọzi: Abụ nke Okwu mkpesa n'etiti ndị Sa'dan Toraja". Bijdragen tot nke Taal-, Land- na Volkenkunde. 168 (4): 391–. doi:10.1163/22134379-90003550. JSTOR 23339340. S2CID 145289982. Enwetara ya na 21 Jenụwarị 2023.