Asụsụ Tsat
| Tsat | |
|---|---|
| Hainan Cham | |
| A mụrụ ya | China |
| Ógbè | Hainan |
| Agbụrụ | Utusul |
Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala |
4,000 (2007)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Koodu asụsụ | |
| ISO 639-3 | huq |
| Glottolog | tsat1238 |
| ELP | Tsat |
Usat, nke nke a dị ka Utsat, Utset, Hainan Cham, ma ọ bụ Huíhuīyǔ (Chinese simplified; Chinese traditional: 回輝語; : Huíhuāyǔ), bụ abụ Austronesian, nke ndị Utusul 4,500 na-asụ n'obodo Huihui (回新) dịin nso China Huihui (回新). Tsat bụ onye otu Malayo-Polynesian n'ime akara ngosi Austronesian, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime Asụsụ Chamic sitere n'oge oké osimiri nke Vietnam nke oge a..
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Mkpịsị aka | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | enweghị olu | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||
| implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ||||
| Africate | ts | |||||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | enweghị olu | s | h | |||
| kwuru okwu | v | z | ||||
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| N'akụkụ | l | |||||
- A pụkwara ịkpọ ụda /ts, s/ dị ka [tɕ, ɕ] mgbe tupu /i/.
Mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| N'ihu | Central | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N'akụkụ | i | u | |
| N'etiti | e | ə | o |
| Emeghe | a aː |
- Ụda ikpeazụ [j, w] nwekwara ike ịpụta dị ka mmezu nke /i/, /u/ na njedebe nke diphthongs na-ada.
Ọdịdị ụda
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ụda ụda Hainan Cham kwekọrọ na ụda dị iche iche nke Proto-Chamic.[2]
| Ụkpụrụ ụda (Hainan Cham) |
Ụdị ụda (Hainan Cham) |
Ụda ikpeazụ nke Proto-Chamic |
|---|---|---|
| 55 | Elu | *-h, *-s; PAN *-q |
| 42 | Ịda | *-p, *-t, *-k, *-c, *-ʔ Akụkọ ikpeazụ: nkwụsị / affricate (pre-) mbido[a]*-ay, *-an[b] |
| 24 | Ịrịgo | *-p, *-t, *-k, *-c, *-ʔ Enweghị olu ikpeazụ: ndabara |
| 11 | Ala Dị Ala | Vowel na imi, *-a:sVoiced final: voiced stop / affricate (pre-) initial[a] |
| 33 | N'etiti | Vowel na imi, *a:sVoiced final: default |
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'ụzọ a na-ahụ ahụkebe maka akara Austronesian, Tsat ụgbọ nke akara olu, ma, anya anya n'ihi ike ụgbọ na ndị na-esetịpụ dị iche iche iche a na-asụ Ndị Hainan emu Chinese dị ka Hainanese na Standard Chinese, Asụsụ Tai-Kadai dị ka Asụsụ Hlai, na Asụsụ Hmong-Mien dị ka Kim Mun.[3]
Ihe edeturu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si].mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}
- ↑ Tsat at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ↑ Thurgood (1993). "Phan Rang Cham and Utsat: Tonogenetic Themes and Variants", in Edmondson: Tonality in Austronesian Languages, Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication, 24 (in en). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 91–106.
- ↑ Thurgood (1999). From Ancient Cham to Modern Dialects: Two Thousand Years of Language Contact and Change: With an Appendix of Chamic Reconstructions and Loanwords. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-2131-9. Retrieved on 2011-05-15.
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Pérez Pereiro. Tonality in Phan Rang Cham and Tsat (en). Archived from the original on 2006-03-20. Retrieved on 2006-12-22.
- Akwụkwọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya na Tsat E debere Wayback Machine