Asụsụ Tutong

Asụsụ Tutong, nke a makwaara dị ka Basa Tutong, bụ asụsụ ihe ruru puku mmadụ iri na asaa na-asụ na Brunei . Ọ bụ isi asụsụ ndị Tutong, ọtụtụ agbụrụ na Tutong District nke Brunei.

Nhazi

Tutong bụ asụsụ Austronesian ma so na otu asụsụ Rejang-Baram a na-asụ na Brunei yana Kalimantan, Indonesia na Sarawak, Malaysia. ^[1]Tutong nwere njikọ na asụsụ Belait nwere ihe dị ka 54% nke okwu ndị bụ isi bụ ndị a na-ejikọta ọnụ. ^[2]

Iji asụsụ

Taa, ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Tutong na-apụ na asụsụ ọdịnala na ngwakọta koodu ma ọ bụ mgbanwe koodu na Brunei Malay, Standard Malay na Bekee. ^[3] Enyerela asụsụ ahụ ọkwa ume ike nke 2.5 dabere na nha 0–6 nke na-eji usoro ọnụego mgbasa ozi n'ọgbọ n'ọdịnihu, ọkwa nkwado gọọmentị, yana mkpokọta mpaghara nke ndị na-ekwu okwu. ^[1] ^[4] Nke a pụtara na a na-ewere ya dị ka ihe egwu .

Ka o sina dị, enwere mmasị n'ịmalite asụsụ . Kemgbe 2012, a kuziri modul na Tutong na Universiti Brunei Darussalam . ^[5] N'otu aka ahụ, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka asụsụ Brunei) bipụtara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Tutong–Malay, Malay–Tutong na 1991 na ndepụta okwu nke ọtụtụ asụsụ Brunei na 2011. ^[1] ^[5]

Ntụaka

ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Manus Island, New Guinea, na àgwàetiti ndị gbara ya gb

1 2 3 Martin (1995). "Whiter the Indigenous Languages of Brunei Darussalam?" (in en). Oceanic Linguistics 34 (1): 27–43. DOI:10.2307/3623110. Martin, Peter W. (1995). "Whiter the Indigenous Languages of Brunei Darussalam?". Oceanic Linguistics. 34 (1): 27–43. doi:10.2307/3623110. JSTOR 3623110.
↑ Nothofer (1991). "The Languages of Brunei Darussalam", in Steinhauer: Papers in Austronesian Linguistics No. 1, Pacific Linguistics Series A-81 (in en). Canberra: The Australian National University, 151–176. DOI:10.15144/PL-A81.151. ISBN 0-85883-402-2.
↑ Clynes (2012). "Dominant Language Transfer in Minority Language Documentation Projects: Some Examples from Brunei" (in en). Language Documentation and Conservation 6: 253–267.
↑ Coluzzi (2010). "Endangered Languages in Borneo: A Survey among the Iban and Murut (Lun Bawang) in Temburong, Brunei" (in en). Oceanic Linguistics 49 (1): 119–143. DOI:10.1353/ol.0.0063.
1 2 McLellan (2014). "Strategies for Revitalizing Endangered Borneo Languages: A Comparison Between Negara Brunei Darussalam and Sarawak, Malaysia." (in en). Southeast Asia 14: 14–22.

[Martin_1995-1] 1 2 3 Martin (1995). "Whiter the Indigenous Languages of Brunei Darussalam?" (in en). Oceanic Linguistics 34 (1): 27–43. DOI:10.2307/3623110. Martin, Peter W. (1995). "Whiter the Indigenous Languages of Brunei Darussalam?". Oceanic Linguistics. 34 (1): 27–43. doi:10.2307/3623110. JSTOR 3623110.

[2] Nothofer (1991). "The Languages of Brunei Darussalam", in Steinhauer: Papers in Austronesian Linguistics No. 1, Pacific Linguistics Series A-81 (in en). Canberra: The Australian National University, 151–176. DOI:10.15144/PL-A81.151. ISBN 0-85883-402-2.

[3] Clynes (2012). "Dominant Language Transfer in Minority Language Documentation Projects: Some Examples from Brunei" (in en). Language Documentation and Conservation 6: 253–267.

[4] Coluzzi (2010). "Endangered Languages in Borneo: A Survey among the Iban and Murut (Lun Bawang) in Temburong, Brunei" (in en). Oceanic Linguistics 49 (1): 119–143. DOI:10.1353/ol.0.0063.

[McLellan_2014-5] 1 2 McLellan (2014). "Strategies for Revitalizing Endangered Borneo Languages: A Comparison Between Negara Brunei Darussalam and Sarawak, Malaysia." (in en). Southeast Asia 14: 14–22.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]