Asụsụ Ulithian
| Ulithian | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Federated States of Micronesia | |
| Region: | Ulithi Atoll | |
| Total speakers: | — | |
| Language family: | Tustrunizit Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Micronesian Nuclear Micronesian Chuukic Ulithian–Woleaian Ulithian | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | —
| |
| ISO 639-3: | uli
| |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Ulithian bụ abụ a na-asụ na Ulithi Atoll na alụ ndị gbara ya gburugburu. Ulithian bụ otu n'ime egwuregwu isii nke Federated States of Micronesia. E nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-ekwu okwu 3,000, ọ bụ ebe na ọ bụ naanị 700 n'ime ha bi na Ulithi Atoll.
N'afọ 2010, Habele, otu ọrụ ebere dị na US akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Ulithian-English na English-Ulithian.[1] fim ndị edemede ahụ kwuru bụ usoro na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke doro anya nke ihe Roman nke bara uru maka ndị Ulithian na ndị na-asụ Bekee.
Mmalite
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ulithian bụ nke a na-asụ na Micronesia. Agwaetiti ndị a na-asụ Ulithian bụ Ulithi, Ngulu, Sorol, Fais Islands na Eastern Caroline Islands. E mmiri ndị ọkà okwu ole na ole nwere ike na United States. Ulithian nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ ya 3039, 700 n'ime ha bi na Ulithi n'onwe ya. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ a na-asụ na lụ ndị gbara ya gburugburu yiri Ulithian nke na-eme ka ndị ọzọ mfe ọrụ. N'ụzọ ụfọdụ, ọ bụ egwuregwu zuru ụwa maka mpaghara ahụ.[3] A na-hazi ndị bi na Ulithi na gburugburu ya dị ka Ndị Micronesia. iche ha iche iche n'ihi ndị na-ama ndị eze n'ike ahụ ka oge na-aga.[4] Ulithi nwere onye kwuo uche ya siri ike na eze site n'aha ndị mmadụ na-eke.[5] N'ihi na a mara mara Ulithian n'ọtụtụ ebe, ọ nwere ọnọdụ dị mma n'ịbụetiti ndị ahụ. Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ime isii igodo na Federated States of Micronesia .
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Bilabial | Ezé egbugbere ọnụ<br id="mwNQ"> | Ezé ezé | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ala dị larịị | <small id="mwQw">ụlọ nyocha</small> | ala dị larịị | <small id="mwSA">Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị.</small> | |||||
| Ụgbọ imi | m | mʷ | n̻ | ŋ | ||||
| Plosive | p | t̻ | tɕ | k | ||||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | βʷ | f | ð | s | (ɕ) | x | ||
| Ihe na-atọ ụtọ | r | |||||||
| Ihe atụ | w | l | j | |||||
Mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ulithian nwere ikeume nke bụ nnukwu ego maka ahia Pacific, na-ahụ ihe ọhụrụ site na mbụ nke mbụ ise dị mfe na Proto-Oceanic. Ha bụ /i/, /u/, /e/, /ə/, /o/, /ɔ/, /æ/, /a/. A na-asụpụta ha na-a mmetụta ha na-akpọ, na-assị, na-esị, na na-asisa, na- arịa, na na-esiri ha.[7]
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mgbasawanye
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Enwere ike iji reduplication zuru oke mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ụzọ. Enwere ike iji ya gosipụta mmetụta siri ike, dịka ọmụmaatụ, sig pụtara 'ekwo' na sigsig pụtara 'obi nkenke' ma ọ bụ 'ịgba ọsọ ọsọ'. A pụkwara iji ya mee ihe maka ihe ndị yiri ya; dịka ọmụmaatụ, bbech pụtara 'acha ọcha', na bbechbbech bụ 'ìhè' ma ọ bụ 'ìgwè anyanwụ'.[8]
Japan weghaara Ulithi n'oge Agha Mbụ wee nchoputa n'oge ma ọ bụ mgbe Agha achọta nke ọma. Tupu Agha aha, Japan na Ulithi akwụkwọ. Ebe ọ bụ na mba abụọ ahụ bụ ndị mmekọ azụmahịa, ọ dị ha mkpa otu esi e mkpa okwu. Ugboro ugboro, ụmụ akwụkwọ ga- mgbochi ihe ndị bụ isi nke Japanese ma n'ihi nke a, "ọ bụghị ihe siri ike taa ma ndị Ulithians na-asụ ma na-ede obere Japanese".[9] Ihe atụ nke okwu sitere na Japan bụ denwa, nke Ulithian ọchịchị ka ọ bụrụ dengwa nke ekwe 'ekwentị'. Japan nwere ike dị ukwuu nke na okwu maka mgbasa, denchi, ihe na-abụ otu na Ulithian.
N'afọ 1944, ndị ọrụ US rutere Ulithi ma enwere ọtụtụ okwu mgbazinye Bekee kemgbe ahụ. Mmetụta kachasị mma Bekee nwere na Ulithian bụ site na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ. Okwu ndị dị ka 'ọrụ ụlọ' na 'ụlọ akwụkwọ' nke na Ulithian bụ homwork na kampus yiri nnọọ.[12]
E nwere okwu ụfọdụ nke okwu okwu na-ekwu na Ulitian, mana a na-eji ndị ọzọ eme ihe n'ama okwu ọzọ. Okwu Spanish flores, nke ere 'flowers', bụ nke ndị na-asụ na-asụ Ulithian weere ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka floras.[11] Dị ka Ulithian-English Dictionary nke Neil Mellen na John Hancock dere si kwuo, okwu n'ozuzu maka 'flowers' bụ floraas, nke dị nso na ihe ekwuru na akwụkwọ ozi ahụ. Ọ bụ ebe na okwu maka 'flowers' yiri ya, okwu Spanish maka 'tebụl', mesa, ka e ji mee ihe na Ulitian. Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Ulitian-English na-ekwu na nke ahụ bụ mwute. Nke a nwere ike iji ya kwuru ikwu pidgin na Hawaii. E nwere okwu Japanese nke ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ - aha na ha Nkwado asụ Japanese - na-eji, dị ka shoyu maka ofe soy na bocha maka ịsa ahụ.
Ihe ize ndụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Banyere mgbasa ozi dị ka redio na ntụgharị, o yighị ka ọ dị na Ulithian kpọmkwem mana ụfọdụ n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ gbara ya gburugburu. Esiikiel Lippwe kwuru n'akwụkwọ ozi na ụlọ ọrụ redio na ekiri dị ezigbo mkpa n'ihi na ha na- ndị mmadụ ihe ma na-eme ka ha mara ihe dịka nsogbu.[13]]
Ike
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dị ka Ethnologue si kwuo, a na-etinye Ulithian na ọkwa EGIDS nke 5 nke pụtara na a na-eji asụsụ ahụ eme ihe nke ọma, mana ọ bụghị dị ka asụsụ bụ isi. O yikarịrị ka ọ bụ ndị okenye na-ejikarị ya eme ihe. Enwere ohere nke asụsụ ahụ ịnwụ, mana ọ ka dị mma (Ethnologue).
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Walsh (1979). "Loan Words in Ulithian". Anthropological Linguistics 21 (3): 154–161.
- Sohn (1973). A Ulithian Grammar, Pacific Linguistics Series C - No. 27. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. DOI:10.15144/pl-c27. ISBN 0-85883-098-1.