Asụsụ Wotapuri-Katarqalai

Wotapuri-Katarqalai bụ asụsụ Indo-Aryan edeputara na a na-asụ ya na Afghanistan . Amabeghị ma asụsụ ahụ ka nwere ndị na-ekwu okwu na-arụ ọrụ, ma ọ bụ na ọ nọ n'iyi. ^[1] ^[2] E bipụtara akwụkwọ kacha ọhụrụ maka ojiji ya na 1983, mgbe a tụrụ aro na a na-eji asụsụ ahụ eme ihe na Katar-qala [ Wikidata ] na o yighị ka ọ ga-ekpochapụ na Wotapur [ nl ] . ^[3] Na Septemba 2023, enwere naanị ndị nwoke 3 agadi nwoke (1 na Katar-qala na 2 na Quro) bi na ndagwurugwu ahụ kọọrọ Sviatoslav Kaverin onye na-eme nyocha ubi ebe ahụ.

fonology

N'okpuru ka edobere ụda olu asụsụ Wotapuri-Katarqalai. ^[4]

Udaume

	N'ihu	Central	Azu
Mechie	i iː		u uː
N'etiti	e eː	ə	o oː
Mepee		a aː

Consonants

		Labial	Coronal	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ɳ
Stop	Plain	p	t	ʈ		k	q
	Aspirated	pʰ [f]	tʰ	ʈʰ		kʰ
	Voiced	b	d	ɖ		ɡ
Affricate	Plain		ts	tʂ	tʃ
	Aspirated		tsʰ	tʂʰ	tʃʰ
	Voiced		(dz)		dʒ
Fricative	Plain		s	ʂ	ʃ	x		h
Fricative	Voiced		z
Lateral	Plain		l
Lateral	Fricative		ɬ ~ l̥
Rhotic			r	ɽ
Semivowel					j	w

Ntụaka

ofufo. Ọdịnihu, nke na-aga n'ihu, na nke zuru oke nwekwara ihe nrịbama maka ihe akaebe nke a na-ejikarị egosi mkpesa.

↑ Owens (2007). "Endangered Languages of the Middle East", in Matthias Brenzinger: Language Diversity Endangered. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton. DOI:10.1515/9783110197129.263. “Two of the languages on the above list are probably extinct, namely Tirahi, and Wot (Wotapuri-Katarqalai). Of the latter we can witness how the process of extinction has moved on inexorably in the course of the twentieth century. In the 1940s Morgenstierne reported that Wot was spoken in two villages in the Katar valley, one at Wotapuri at the confluence of the Pech river with the streams coming from the valley, one further up the valley in Katarqalai. 15 years later Budruss (1960) visited both villages, found no speakers of the language in the lower village, Pashto having completely replaced it, and in the upper one only a few passive speakers who remember having spoken the language in their earlier years.”
↑ Hakala (2012). "Locating ‘Pashto’ in Afghanistan: A Survey of Secondary Sources", in Harold Schiffman: Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. DOI:10.1163/9789004217652_004. “Aside from the often insurmountable difficulty of organizing linguistic expeditions into these areas, Fussman notes how quickly the Dardic and Kafir languages of Afghanistan have been overwhelmed by the outside world, such that within a few years of Morgenstierne’s expedition, Tirahi and Wotapuri, for example, had become dead languages (Fussman 1972: 4).”
↑ Ėdelʹman (1983). The Dardic and Nuristani Languages. "Nauka" Publishing House, Central Department of Oriental Literature, 1983.
↑ Edelman (1983). The Dardic and Nuristani Languages. Moscow: (Institut vostokovedenii︠a︡ (Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR), 139.

[1] Owens (2007). "Endangered Languages of the Middle East", in Matthias Brenzinger: Language Diversity Endangered. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton. DOI:10.1515/9783110197129.263. “Two of the languages on the above list are probably extinct, namely Tirahi, and Wot (Wotapuri-Katarqalai). Of the latter we can witness how the process of extinction has moved on inexorably in the course of the twentieth century. In the 1940s Morgenstierne reported that Wot was spoken in two villages in the Katar valley, one at Wotapuri at the confluence of the Pech river with the streams coming from the valley, one further up the valley in Katarqalai. 15 years later Budruss (1960) visited both villages, found no speakers of the language in the lower village, Pashto having completely replaced it, and in the upper one only a few passive speakers who remember having spoken the language in their earlier years.”

[2] Hakala (2012). "Locating ‘Pashto’ in Afghanistan: A Survey of Secondary Sources", in Harold Schiffman: Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. DOI:10.1163/9789004217652_004. “Aside from the often insurmountable difficulty of organizing linguistic expeditions into these areas, Fussman notes how quickly the Dardic and Kafir languages of Afghanistan have been overwhelmed by the outside world, such that within a few years of Morgenstierne’s expedition, Tirahi and Wotapuri, for example, had become dead languages (Fussman 1972: 4).”

[:0-3] Ėdelʹman (1983). The Dardic and Nuristani Languages. "Nauka" Publishing House, Central Department of Oriental Literature, 1983.

[4] Edelman (1983). The Dardic and Nuristani Languages. Moscow: (Institut vostokovedenii︠a︡ (Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR), 139.

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