Asụsụ Xokleng
colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color:
| |
|---|---|
| A mụrụ ya | Brazil |
| Ógbè | Santa Catarina |
| Agbụrụ | Xokleng |
Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala
|
(760 e depụtara na 1998) [1] |
Macro-Jê
| |
colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:
| |
| ISO 639-3 | xok
|
| Glottolog | xokl1240
|
| ELP | Xokleng |
Xokleng ma ọ bụ Laklãno bụ asụsụ Southern Jê, (Jê macro-je) nke ndị Xokleng nke Brazil na-asụ. Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Kaingang.
Aha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Aha ndị ọzọ bụ Socré, Chocré, Xocren, Bugre, Botocudo, Aweicoma, Cauuba, Caahans, Caagua, Caaigua.[2]
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| N'ihu | Central | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N'akụkụ | m nyere | ɨ ɨ̃ | u dị iche iche |
| N'etiti etiti | na | ə | o |
| N'etiti oghere | ɛ̃ ɛ̃ | Ọ bụ n'afọ | |
| Emeghe | n'ihi na ọ bụ |
- Vowel off-glides nwekwara ike ịnọ n'ọnọdụ okwu ikpeazụ.
Mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Ezé ezé | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Mkpịsị aka | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ala dị larịị | ụlọ nyocha | ||||||
| Ụgbọ imi | m ~ mb | n ~ nd | ɲ | ŋ ~ ŋɡ | ŋw ~ ŋɡw | ||
| Kwụsị | p | t | k | kw | ʔ | ||
| Africate | t͡ʃ | ||||||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | v ~ w | ð | h | ||||
| Ihe atụ | j | ||||||
| N'akụkụ | l | ||||||
- A na-anụ ụda imi /m, n, ŋ, ŋw/ dị ka ụda olu [mb, nd, ŋɡ, ŋɡw] mgbe ọ na-ebute ụdaume ọnụ ma na-anụ ya dị ka ụda imi [m, n', ŋw] mgbe na-ebu ụzọ ụdaume imi, ma ọ bụ n'ọnọdụ imi.
- /v/ nwere ike ịnwe allophone nke [w] n'efu, a pụkwara ịnụ ya dị ka [ɱ] imi mgbe ọ na-esote ụdaume imi ma ọ bụ ụdaume.
- /ð/ nwere ike ịnwe allophone nke [θ] mgbe ọ na-eso /k/, yana dị ka [z] na ọdịiche n'efu na ọnọdụ mmalite okwu.
- A na-anụ /j/ na allophone nke [d͡ʒ] mgbe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ imi, ma ọ bụ mgbe ọ na-esote ma ọ bụ na-eso ụda ndị ọzọ.
- /l/ nwere ike ịbụ [l̃] mgbe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ imi.[3]
Ndensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- xokleng at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- manson, John AIden (1950). "The language of south America". in steward, Julian (ed.). Handbook of south American Indians. Vol.6 Washington,D.C., Government printing office: Smithsonian institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143.pp. 157-317.
- Gakran, Nanbla (2015). Elementos fundamentais da Gramatica Laklano. Universidade Estadual de campinas.
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Xokleng at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ↑ Mason (1950). "The languages of South America", in Steward: Handbook of South American Indians. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143, 157–317.
- ↑ Gakrán (2015). Elementos Fundamentais da Gramática Laklanõ. Universidade Estadual de Campinas.