Asụsụ Yaghnobi
Yaghnobi [ a ] [ b ] bụ asụsụ Iranian ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ndị Yaghnobi na-asụ na ndagwurugwu elu nke osimiri Yaghnob na mpaghara Zarafshan nke Tajikistan . A na-ahụta ya ka ọ bụ nwa sitere na Sogdian na mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ ya Neo-Sogdian na akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ. Enwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ Yaghnobi 12,500, kewara n'ọtụtụ obodo. Ndị isi obodo bi na mpaghara Zafarobod . Enwekwara ndị nrụpụta na ndagwurugwu Yaghnob . Ụfọdụ obodo bi n'ime obodo Zumand na Kůktepa na na Dushanbe ma ọ bụ gburugburu ya.
Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Yaghnobi na-asụ asụsụ abụọ na Tajik, otu olumba nke Persian. [1] A na-ejikarị Yaghnobi eme mkparịta ụka ezinụlọ kwa ụbọchị, ndị na-asụ Yaghnobi na-ejikwa Tajik maka azụmahịa na azụmahịa. Ndị Tajik dị nso na Rọshịa gwara otu onye na-ese ethnographer nke Rọshịa, onye na-emegide ndị Yaghnobis, bụ́ ndị na-abịaghị abịa mụọ Islam, na ndị Yaghnobis ji asụsụ ha mee ihe dị ka usoro nzikọrịta ozi nke “nzuzo” iji mebie ndị Tajik. Akụkọ ahụ mere ka ụfọdụ kwenye na a na-eji Yaghnobi ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ihe si na ya mee koodu nzuzo .
A na-akụzi asụsụ a n'ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị n'ime obodo agbụrụ, Tajikistan ewepụtakwala iwu iji kwado agụmakwụkwọ n'asụsụ pere mpe, gụnyere Yaghnobi.
Enwere isi olumba abụọ: otu ọdịda anyanwụ na nke ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ha dị iche na mbụ na ụda ụda. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, akụkọ ihe mere eme *θ kwekọrọ na t na olumba ọdịda anyanwụ na s na ọwụwa anyanwụ: met – mes 'day' sitere na Sogdian mēθ ⟨ myθ ⟩ . Western ay kwekọrọ na Eastern e : wayš – weš 'ahịhịa' sitere na Sogdian wayš ma ọ bụ wēš ⟨ wyš ⟩ . Ndị mbụ Sogdian θr ( mechara ṣ̌ ) na-egosipụta dị ka sar n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ma tir n'ọdịda anyanwụ: saráy – tiráy 'atọ' sitere na Sogdian θrē / θray or ṣ̌ē / ṣ̌ay ⟨ δry ⟩ . Enwekwara ụfọdụ ndịiche dị na njedebe okwu na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu . N'etiti isi olumba abụọ a bụ olu mgbanwe mgbanwe nke na-ekekọrịta ụfọdụ njirimara nke olumba ndị ọzọ.
Na-ede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A naghị edekarị Yaghnobi ruo n’oge na-adịbeghị anya, ma dị ka Andreyev si kwuo, ụfọdụ n’ime ndị ọkà mmụta Yaghnobi ji ihe odide Persia dee asụsụ ahụ tupu 1928, karịsịa mgbe ha chọrọ izochi ụfọdụ ozi n’aka ndị Tajik.
N'oge a, ndị ọkà mmụta na-eji mkpụrụedemede Latin emezigharịrị edegharị asụsụ a, yana akara ndị a:
| a (á) | b | č | d | e (e) | f | g |
| ɣ | h | ḥ | m (í) | i (ī́) | ǰ | k |
| q | l | m (m̃) | n (ñ) | o (ó) | p | r |
| s | š | t | ị (ú) | ị (ū́) | (ʏ) | v |
| w (u̯) | x | x° | y | z | ž |
Na 1990s, Sayfiddin Mirzozoda nke Tajik Academy of Sciences webatara mkpụrụedemede Tajik gbanwetụrụ maka ide Yaghnobi, na mgbakwunye na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ezubere maka ụmụ akwụkwọ elementrị. : 23 The òkè orthography n'etiti Tajik na Yaghnobi transliterated dị ka Mirzozoda si atụmatụ nyere nkwa nke mma mmuta n'etiti Tajik-agụ akwụkwọ na-eto eto Yaghnobi, ma kemgbe 2006 ọchịchị Tajik akwụsịwo inye ego maka ibi akwụkwọ Yaghnobi akwụkwọ ọgụgụ na n'iku nke ndị nkụzi nke Yaghnobi, ya mere mgbalị ndị a nwere nnukwu ike. [2] : 8–9 Na mgbakwunye, usoro ntụgharị asụsụ Mirzozoda na-enye ihe ndọghachi azụ ole na ole pụtara ìhè n'ihi na ọ naghị ama ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụdị dị mkpụmkpụ na ogologo nke ụdaume ọ bụla, ọ naghị ama ọdịiche dị n'etiti yai na yai, na o nweghi akara ngosi nke na-egosi nrụgide, dị ka a na-ahụ n'ime mkpụrụedemede Mirzozoda, nke e degharịrị ya na akwụkwọ ozi IPA ya na tebụl a dị n'okpuru ebe a. [2] [3] : 24
| А а
(yai, yai) |
Б б
(yai) |
В в
(yai, yai) |
Г г
(yai) |
Ғ ғ
(yai) |
Д д
(yai) |
Е е
(yai, yai) |
| Ё ё
(yai, yai) |
Ж ж
(yai) |
З з
(yai) |
И и
(yai) |
Ӣ ӣ
(yai) |
й
(yai) |
К к
(yai) |
| Қ қ
(yai) |
Л л
(yai |
М м
(yai) |
Н н
(yai) |
О о
(yai, yai) |
П п
(yai) |
Р р
(yai) |
| С с
(yai) |
Т т
(yai) |
У у
(yai) |
Ӯ ӯ
(yai) |
Ф ф
(yai) |
Х х
(yai) |
Ҳ ҳ
(yai) |
| Ч ч
(yai) |
Ҷ ҷ
(yai) |
Ш ш
(yai) |
Ю ю
(yai, yai) |
Я я
(yai) |
Ъ ъ
(yai) |
Ederede Cyrillic
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Alphabet Yaghnobi dị ka Tajik mana ọ nwere Ԝ .
| A | Б б | в в | Ԝ ԝ | Г г | Ụ |
| Д д | E | Ị | Ж ж | AZ | и |
| Ị | M й | К к | Ị | л | M |
| Nke | Ọ | П п | Р р | s с | Ị |
| ị | Ị | Фф | х | Ụ | CH CH |
| KW | Шш | Ị | E э | Ị | Ị |
Atụmatụ maka Cyrillic :
fonology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Yaghnobi gụnyere monophthong 9 (3 mkpụmkpụ, ogologo 6), 8 diphthongs na consonants 27.
Udaume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| N'ihu | Azu | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | short | long | ||
| Mechie | na /ɪ / | и/ӣ /iː / | ị/ӯ /yː / | ị /ʊ / | ị/ӯ /uː / |
| N'etiti | em/э /eː / | о /ɔː / | |||
| Mepee | a /a / | a /ɑː / | |||
Diphthong na Yaghnobi bụ /ai̯, ɔːi̯, ʊi̯, uːi̯, yːi̯, ɪi̯, ɔːu̯, au̯/ . /ai̯/ na-apụta naanị n'okwu obodo na olumba ọdịda anyanwụ, olumba ọwụwa anyanwụ nwere /eː / n'ọnọdụ ya, belụsọ na okwu mgbazinye ego.
Lexicon
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọmụma nke akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Yaghnobi sitere na isi ọrụ atọ: site na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Yaghnobi- Russian nke ewepụtara na Yaghnobi Texts nke Andreyev na Peščereva si na ndepụta okwu mgbakwunye ewepụtara na Yaghnobi Grammar nke Xromov. Ọrụ ikpeazụ bụ akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Yaghnobi-Tajik nke nwa akwụkwọ Xromov, Sayfiddīn Mīrzozoda chịkọtara, n'onwe ya bụ onye na-asụ asụsụ Yaghnobi. Okwu Persian na-anọchi anya ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu (ihe dị ka 60%), sochiri okwu ndị Turkic sitere (ruo 5%, tumadi sitere na Uzbek ) na okwu Russian ole na ole (ihe dị ka 2%; site na asụsụ Rọshịa, ọtụtụ okwu mba ụwa wee bịa na Yaghnobi). Naanị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu sitere na Eastern-Iranian na enwere ike iji ya tụnyere ndị a maara site na Sogdian, Ossetian, asụsụ Pamir ma ọ bụ Pashto . [ a chọrọ nkọwa ]
Faculty of Arts nke Mahadum Charles bipụtara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Yaghnobi-Czech na 2010.
Ihe atụ ederede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
| Latịn | Fálɣar-at Yáɣnob asosī́ láfz-šint ī-x gumū́n, néki áxtit toǰīkī́-pi wó(v)ošt, mox yaɣnobī́-pi. 'Mʏ́štif' wó(v)omišt, áxtit 'Muždív' wó(v)ošt. |
|---|---|
| Cyrillic | Фалғарат Яғноб асосӣ лафзшинт ӣх гумун, неки ахтит тоҷикипӣ ԝоошт, мох яғнобипӣ. 'Мӯштиф' ԝоомишт, ахтит 'Муждив' ԝоошт. |
| IPA | [ˈfalʁɑratʰ ˈjɑʁnɔˑb asɔˑˈsiː ˈlafzʃʲɪntʰ ˈiːχ ɡʊˈmoːn ˈneːcʰe ˈɑχtʰɪtʰ tʰɔˑdʒʲiˑˈcʰiːpʰe ˈβ̞oːˀɔˑʃʲtʰ moːʁ jɑʁnɔˑˈbiːpʰe ˈmyːʃʲtʰɪf ˈβ̞oːˀɔˑmɪʃʲtʰ ˈɑχtʰɪtʰ mʊʒʲˈdɪv ˈβ̞oːˀɔˑʃʲtʰ] |
| Ntụgharị asụsụ | Na Falghar na Yaghnob, ọ bụ otu asụsụ bụ isi, mana ha na-asụ Tajik ma anyị na-asụ Yaghnobi. Anyị na-ekwu 'Müštif', ha na-ekwu 'Muždiv'. |
Akụkọ gbasara Nasreddin
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Latin | Cyrillic | IPA | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nasriddī́n ī xūd či bozór uxš tangái axirī́n. | Насриддин ӣ хӯд чи бозор ухш тангаи ахирин. | [nasre̝ˈdːiːn ˈiː ˈχuːd ˈtʃɪ̞ bɔˑˈzoːr ˈʋ̘χʃʲ tʰaŋˈɟa̝jĕ̝ ɑχĕ̝ˈriːn] | Nasreddin bought a tubeteika at the bazaar for six tangas. |
| Kaxík woxúrdš avī́, čáwi apursóšt: | Кахик ԝохурдш авӣ, чаԝи апурсошт: | [cʰaˈχecʰ β̞ɔˑˈχʋˑrdʃʲ aˈve̝ː | ˈtʃaβ̞e apʰʋrˈsoːɕt] | Everyone he met asked him: |
| "Xūd čof pūl axirī́nī?" | "Худ чоф пул ахиринӣ?" | [ˈχuːd ˈtʃoːf ˈpʰuːl ɑχĕ̝ˈriːne̝ˑ] | "How much money have you bought the tubeteika for?" |
| Nasriddī́n ī́ipiš ǰawób atifár, dúipiš ǰawób atifár, tiráyipiš ǰawób atifár, aɣór: | Насриддин ӣипиш ҷаԝоб атифар, дуипиш ҷаԝоб атифар, тирайипиш ҷаԝоб атифар, ағор: | [nasre̝ˈdːiːn ˈiːjĕ̝pʰe̝ʃʲ dʒaˈβ̞oːb atʰĕ̝ˈfar | ˈdʋ̘je̝pʰe̝ʃʲ dʒaˈβ̞oːb atʰĕ̝ˈfar | tʰɪ̆ˈraje̝pʰe̝ʃʲ dʒaˈβ̞oːb atʰĕ̝ˈfar | ɑˈʁoːr] | Nasreddin answered to the first of them, he answered to the second of them, he answered to the third of them, then he said, |
| "Hámaipi ǰawób tifaróm, zīq vómišt." | "Ҳамаипӣ ҷаԝоб тифаром, зиқ вомишт." | [ˈhama̝jĕ̝pʰe̝ dʒaˈβ̞oːb tʰĕ̝faˈro̝ːm | ˈze̝ˑqʰ ˈvo̝ːmɪʃʲtʰ] | "If I answer to everyone, I will go crazy." |
| Ax xūdš či sarš anós, bozórisa adáu̯, fayród akún: | Ах хӯдш чи сарш анос, бозориса адаԝ, файрод акун: | [ˈaχ ˈχuːdʃʲ ˈtʃɪ̞ ˈsarɪ̆ʃʲ aˈnoːs | bɔˑˈzoːrɪsa aˈdau̯ | fai̯ˈroːd aˈkʰʋn] | He took the tubeteika off his head, ran to the bazaar, and cried, |
| "E odámt! | "Э одамт! | [ˈeː ɔˑˈdamtʰ] | "Hey, people! |
| Daràu̯-daráwi maydónisa šau̯t, īyóka ǰām vʏt! | Дараԝ-дараԝи майдониса шаԝт, ӣёка ҷаъм вӯйт! | [darˌau̯-daˈraβ̞e mai̯ˈdoːne̝sa ˈʃʲau̯tʰ | iˑjˈoːcʰa ˈdʒɑːm ˈvyːtʰ] | Go quickly to the square, gather somewhere over there! |
| Kattóti šumóxpi árkšint ast!" | Каттоти шумохпӣ аркшинт аст." | [cʰaˈtʰːoːtʰe̝ ʃʲʋ̆ˈmoːχpʰe̝ ˈarcʃʲɪ̞nt ˌastʰ] | The Big Ones have something to deal with you." |
| Odámt hamáš maydóni īyóka ǰām avór, áni šáhri hičúxs nàapiráxs. | Одамт ҳамаш майдони ӣёка ҷаъм авор, ани шаҳри ҳичухс наапирахс. | [ɔˑˈdamtʰ haˈmaʃʲ mai̯ˈdoːne̝ iˑjˈoːcʰa ˈdʒɑːm aˈvoːr | ˈane̝ ˈʃʲahrɪ he̝ˑˈtʃʋ̝χs ˌna̝ˀa̝pʰĕ̝ˈraχs] | Everyone had gathered somewhere at the square, no one else had remained in the city. |
| Nasriddī́n balandī́i sári asán, fayród akún: | Насриддин баландии сари асан, файрод акун: | [nasre̝ˈdːiːn balanˈdiːjĕ̝ ˈsare̝ aˈsan | fai̯ˈroːd aˈkʰʋn] | Nasreddin came upon a high place, and cried: |
| "E odámt, ɣiríft, nihíš xūd man uxš tangái axirī́nim." | "Э одамт, ғирифт, ниҳиш хӯд ман ухш тангаи ахириним." | [ˈeː ɔˑˈdamtʰ | ʁĕ̝ˈre̝ftʰ | nĕ̝ˈhe̝ˑʃʲ ˈχūd ˈman ˈʋ̘χʃʲ tʰaŋˈɟa̝jĕ̝ ɑχĕ̝ˈriːne̝m] | "Hey people, to let you know, I bought this tubeteika for six tangas." |
Ihe ndetu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Kazakevich (2007). "Language Endangerment in the CIS", in Brenzinger: Language Diversity Endangered. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton. DOI:10.1515/9783110197129.233.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedbird2007thesis - ↑ Novák (January 2018). "Yaghnobi: An Example of a Language in Contact". Chatreššar 2. Retrieved on 2023-12-29.
Ọgụgụ ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Вenveniste (1955). "Une lexique du yagnobi". Journal Asiatique 243 (2): 139–62.
- Andreev, Mikhail Stepanovich [ru]; Peshchereva, Elena Mikhailovna [ru]. Ягнобские тексты с приложением ягнобско-русского словаря. Москва – Ленинград: 1957.
(MS Andrejev, Je. M. Peščereva, Jagnobskije teksty s priloženijem jagnobsko-russkogo slovarja, Moskva – Leningrad 1957) (na Russian )
- M. Н. Боголюбов, Ягнобский (новосогдийский) языk. Исследование na материалы. Автореферат на соискание ученой степени доктора филологических наук, Ленинград 1956
(MNBogoljubov, Jagnobskij /novosogdijskij/ jazyk. Issledovanija i materialy. Avtoreferat na soiskanije učenoj stepeni doktora filologičeskix nauk, Leningrad 1956) (na Russian )
- M. Н. Боголюбов: Ягнобский языk. N'ime В. В. Виноградов (ed.): Языки народов ССР. Том первый: Индоевропейские языки. Москва, 1966, 342–361.
(MN Bogoljubov: Jagnobskij jazyk. Na: VV Vinogradov (ed.): Jazyki narodov SSSR. Tom pervyj: Indojevropejskije jazyki. Moscow, 1966, p. 342–361) (na Russian )
- s. Мирзозода, Яғнобӣ зивок, Душанбе 1998.
(S. Mirzozoda, Yaɣnobī zivok, Dušanbe 1998) (na Tajik )
- s. Мирзозоda, Луғати яғнобӣ – тоҷикӣ, Душанбе 2002.
(S. Mirzozoda, Luɣat-i yaɣnobī – tojikī, Dušanbe 2002) (na Tajik )
- Ľ. Novák: Jaghnóbsko-český slovník s přehledem jaghnóbské gramatiky . Яғnoбӣ-чехӣ луғат яғнобӣ зивоки дастури феҳрастипӣ . Praha (: Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy v Praze), 2010. ISBN 978-80-7308-337-3
(Ľ. Novák: Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Yaghnobi-Czech nwere ndepụta nke asụsụ Yaghnobi. Praha 2010) (na Czech )
(AL Xromov, Jagnobskij jazyk, Moscow 1972) (na Russian )
- A. M. Хромов, Ягнобский языk, Na: В. s. Расторгуева (ed.): Основы иранского языкознания. Новоиранские языки II. - Ọkpụkpụ azụ. Ọnwa 1987, p. 644-701.
(AL Xromov, Jagnobskij jazyk. In. VS Rastorgujeva (ed.): Osnovy iranskogo jazykoznanija. Novoiranskije jazyki II. - Vostočnaja gruppa. Moscow 1987, p. 644–701. ) (na Russian )
- Benkato (2015). "Recent Work in 'Yaghnobi Studies". Iran & the Caucasus 19 (3): 283–94. DOI:10.1163/1573384X-20150307.
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]