Asụsụ Yavapai
Yavapai bụ asụsụ Yuman Upland, nke ndị Yavapai na-asụ na etiti na ọdịda anyanwụ Arizona . Enwere olumba anọ: Kwevkepaya, Wipukpaya, Tolkepaya, na Yavepe. Ebipụtala ọmụmụ asụsụ nke Kwevkepaya (Ndịda), Tolkepaya (Western), Wipukepa (Verde Valley), na Yavepe (Prescott) olumba (Mithun 1999:578).
Nkesa ala
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-ekwubu Yavapai n'ofe oke ugwu etiti na ọdịda anyanwụ Arizona, mana ugbu a, a na-ekwukarị ya na ndoputa Yavapai na Fort McDowell, Ndagwurugwu Verde na Prescott .
Ọnụego nghọta n'etiti Yavapai na Havasupai-Hualapai yiri nke ahụ n'etiti Mohave na Maricopa (Biggs 1957).
Warren Gazzam, onye ọkà okwu Tolkapaya, kọrọ na "ị maara na ha (Hualapais) na-asụ otu asụsụ ka anyị na-asụ, ụfọdụ okwu ma ọ bụ ụda olu dịtụ iche". [1]
N'ihi mgbanwe omenala buru ibu, ọtụtụ Yavapai bụbu asụsụ abụọ na Apache, ụfọdụ Apache na-asụkwa asụsụ abụọ na Yavapai. [2]
fonology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Egosiri ekwentị consonant Yavapai n'okpuru. [3]
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato-<br id="mwPQ"><br>alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nor. | lab. | nor. | lab. | nor. | lab. | |||||||
| Plosive/ Affricate |
plain | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | kʷ | Templeeti:IPAlink | qʷ | Templeeti:IPAlink | ||
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ | kʰʷ | |||||||
| Fricative | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | (Templeeti:IPAlink) | Templeeti:IPAlink | hʷ | ||||||
| Nasal | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | |||||||||
| Trill | Templeeti:IPAlink | |||||||||||
| Lateral | Templeeti:IPAlink | (Templeeti:IPAlink) | ||||||||||
| Semivowel | Templeeti:IPAlink | Templeeti:IPAlink | ||||||||||
Udaume na-apụta nkenke, etiti na ogologo n'ime mkpụrụokwu na-akpa ike. A na-ebelata ọdịiche ahụ gaa n'ogologo abụọ n'ime mkpụrụokwu na-enweghị nrụgide.
| N'ihu | Central | Azu | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mechie | i iˑ iː | u uˑuː | |
| N'etiti | e eːeˑ | o oˑ oː | |
| Mepee | ( æ ) | a aˑ aː |
Enwere ụda abụọ na mkpụrụokwu ndị na-emesi ike, ọkwa dị elu na ọdịda, bụ nke na-anọpụ iche ruo n'etiti mkpụrụokwu na-enweghị mgbakasị ahụ.
N'adịghị ka na Havasupai na Hualapai, nkwụsị nke postaspirated enweghị ike ịpụta n'ọnọdụ mmalite okwu (Shaterian 1983: 215).
| Bekee | Yavapai | |
|---|---|---|
| Ntụgharị asụsụ | Ndekọ IPA | |
| Nnọọ | Mham jik'gah | |
| Ụlọ | Wah yoh woh | |
| Ala | Mat | |
| Osimiri | Lua error in Module:Unicode_data at line 483: attempt to index field 'scripts' (a boolean value). | |
| Ọkụ | Oo | /oʔo/ |
| Grand Canyon | Mahđ K'illa ma ọ bụ Wika'ilaha | |
| Daalụ | Honnii guhm | |
Mgbalị nchekwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Enweela ndekọ nke Yavapai (yana asụsụ Yuman ndị ọzọ) emere na 1974, metụtara ụda olu, syntax, na ụtọ asụsụ. E mere nke a ka ọ ghọta isiokwu atọ ahụ nke ọma na ịnụ ha. [4]
A na-agba mbọ imegharị asụsụ ahụ. Enwere mmemme asụsụ Yavapai maka ndị okenye ka ha mụta asụsụ ahụ wee nyefee ọgbọ n'ọdịnihu. [5]
Enweela mbọ iji chekwaa asụsụ ahụ n'ime obodo Yavapai. [6]
Ebipụtala abụ na akụkọ na Yavapai ọtụtụ oge. Edepụtara uri Yavapai na Gigyayk Vo'jka, akwụkwọ akụkọ uri n'asụsụ Yuman nke onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Hualapai Lucille Watahomigie deziri. Akụkọ Yavapai na-apụtakwa na Ugwu Mmụọ: Anthology of Yuman Story and Song . A na-esonyere ọrụ abụọ a na ntụgharị asụsụ Bekee, uri ndị dị na Gigyayk Vo'jka na-egosipụtakwa nyocha ọdịdị ọdịdị.
Alan Shaterian ebipụtala akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Northeast Yavapai. Pamela Munro na-arụ ọrụ na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na ụtọ asụsụ maka Tolkepaya.
Ihe odide ala ala peeji
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]uri n'asụsụ Yuman nke onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Hualapai Lucille Watahomigie deziri. Akụkọ Yavapai na-apụtakwa na Ugwu Mmụọ: Anthology of Yuman Story and Song . A na-esonyere ọrụ abụọ a na ntụgharị asụsụ Bekee, uri ndị dị na Gigyayk Vo'jka na-egosipụtakwa nyocha ọdịdị ọdịdị.
- ↑ California Language Archive.
- ↑ Mierau (January 1963). "Concerning Yavapai-Apache Bilingualism". International Journal of American Linguistics 29 (1): 1–3. DOI:10.1086/464706.
- ↑ Shaterian (1983). Phonology and Dictionary of Yavapai.
- ↑ Kendall (2017-03-09). Yavapai linguistic material. Retrieved on 2017-03-09.
- ↑ House. "Yavapai Language Programs". Stabilizing Indigenous Languages.
- ↑ Museum honors Yavapai elder for language work - USATODAY.com. usatoday30.usatoday.com. Retrieved on 2017-03-09.
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Biggs, Bruce. 1957. Nnwale ọgụgụ isi n'etiti asụsụ Yuman. Na International Journal of American Linguistics . Vol. 23, Nke 2. (Eprel 1957), p. 57–62. Mahadum Chicago Press.
- Mithun, Marianne. 1999. Asụsụ Ndị Obodo North America . Mahadum Mahadum Cambridge.
- Shaterian, Alan William. 1983. Fonology na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Yavapai . Mahadum California, Berkeley.
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- (October 1980) "Language use by Yavapai-Apache students with recommendations for curriculum design". Journal of American Indian Education 20 (1). Retrieved on 11 October 2011.
- Yavapai basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database