Asụsụ Yine
Yine bụ ụdị Piro dị iche iche, nke bụ asụsụ Maipurean a na-asụ na Peru. Ọ bụ nke otu Piro nke gụnyekwara Iñapari na Apurinã fọrọ nke nta ka ọ nwụọ. Ndị Manchineri bi na Brazil (Acre) nakwa akụkọ na ha bi na Bolivia na-asụ ihe nwere ike ịbụ olumba nke Yine (Aikhenvald, Kaufman). Okwu a kpọrọ Canamaré "dị nnọọ nso na Piro [Yine] nke na a ga-agụta ya dị ka Piro", mana ọ bụ ihe kpatara mgbagwoju anya na asụsụ Kanamarí na-enweghị njikọ.
Aha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ụdị dị iche iche
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ụdị Piro (Yine): :: 244
- Chontaquiro (Simirinche, Upatarinavo): Osimiri Ucayali
- Manchineri (Manatinavo): Osimiri Purus
- Kushichineri (Kuxiti-neri, Kujigeneri, Cusitinavo): elu Osimiri Purus na Peru (na 1886, a na-asụ ya na Osimiri Curumahá ma ọ bụ Osimiri Curanja, ma eleghị anya na Osimiri Cujar)
- Kuniba (Kunibo): Osimiri Juruá
- Katukina: Osimiri Juruá. Nke Natterer dere (1833). E kwesịghị ịgbagwoju ya anya na Asụsụ Katukina na-enweghị njikọ.
- Canamare (Canamirim, Canamary): Osimiri Iaco, isi iyi nke Osimiri Purus. Nke Spix dere (1819). E kwesịghị ịgbagwoju ya anya na Asụsụ Kanamarí na-enweghị njikọ.
- Mashco-Piro: Nne nke Osimiri Dios
Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2000, ọ bụ n'ezie ndị agbụrụ 4,000 niile na-asụ asụsụ ahụ. Ha bi na Ucayali na Cusco Departments, nso Osimiri Ucayali, na nso Osimiri Madre de Dios na Madre deDios Region na Peru. Ịgụ na ide dị elu. E bipụtara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu n'asụsụ ahụ ma na-akụzi asụsụ ahụ n'akụkụ Spanish n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ụfọdụ nke Yine. E nwekwara otu puku Ndị ya-asụ Machinere.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| N'ihu | Central | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N'akụkụ | i iː | ɯ ːɯː | |
| N'etiti | e eː | o oː | |
| Emeghe | a aː |
- A na-eme ka ụdaume dị iche iche pụta mgbe /h̃/ gasịrị.
Mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Mkpịsị aka | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | ||||
| Plosive | p | t | k | |||
| Africate | t͡s | t͡ʃ | c͡ç | |||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | s | ʃ | ç | h̃ | ||
| Flap | ɾ | |||||
| Ihe atụ | w | l | j |
- A na-anụ /w/ dị ka ihe atụ bilabial [βʹ] mgbe ọ na-esote ụdaume dị nso.
- A na-anụ /n/ dị ka [ŋ] tupu /k/.
- /ɾ/ nwere ike ịpị [r] mgbe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ mmalite okwu.
Nchịkọta okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Piro nwere syntax na-arụ ọrụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ.
Ihe edeturu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Campbell, Lyle (1997). American Indian languages: the historical linguistics of Native America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1965). Asụsụ Piro (Arawakan) . University of California Publications in Linguistics, 42. Berkeley na Los Angeles: University of California Press. (Ọ bụ thesis maka doctorate e gosipụtara na 1963 na Mahadum California, Los Angeles.)
- Nies, Joyce, onye nchịkọta. (1986). Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu piro (Tokanchi gikshijikowaka-steno). Usoro asụsụ Peruana, 22. Yarinacocha: Ministry of Education and Summer Language Institute.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1989). "Nnyocha metric nke ụda olu na piro". Estudios etno-lingüísticos, Stephen Parker (ed.), peeji nke 114-125. Akwụkwọ ọrụ 21. Yarinacocha, Pucallpa: Ministry of Education na Institute of Summer Language.
- Solís Fonseca, Gustavo. (2003). Asụsụ na Amazon Peruvian. Lima: mbipụta site na arịrịọ.
- Urquía Sebastián, Rittma (2006). "La situación sociolingüística de la lengua yine en 2006". In Stephen A. Marlett (ed.). Situaciones sociolingüísticas de lenguas amerindias, (PDF). Lima: SIL International and Universidad Ricardo Palma.
- Urquía Sebastián, Rittma. (2006). Mụ onwe gị. Ihe osise fonetics nke asụsụ Amerindian, ed. Stephen A. Marlett Lima: SIL International na Universidad Ricardo Palma.
- Urquía Sebastián, Rittma (2008). "Yine". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 38 (3): 365–369. doi:10.1017/S0025100308003356.
- Urquía Sebastián, Rittma na Wagner Urquía Sebastión. (2009). Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu yine-Castilian