Asụsụ Zhang-Zhung
| Zhangzhung | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Zhangzhung | |
| Region: | Western Tibet and Central Asia | |
| Total speakers: | — | |
| Language family: | Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Kanauri ? West Himalayish Almora ZhangzhungTempleeti:Infobox Language/script | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | —
| |
| ISO 639-3: | xzh
| |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Zhangzhung ( Tibetan bụ asụsụ Sino-Tibet ekpochapụworo nke a na-asụ na Zhangzhung nke dị ugbu a n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Tibet. Agbanyere ya na ederede asụsụ abụọ a na-akpọ A Cavern of Treasures (mDzod phug) na ọtụtụ ederede dị mkpụmkpụ.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke akwụkwọ echekwara na Dunhuang nwere asụsụ a na-edeghị ede nke a na-akpọ Old Zhangzhung, mana njirimara na-ese okwu.
Ọgba nke akụ ( mDzod phug )
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọgba nke akụ ( Tibetan bụ okwu Shenchen Luga kpughepụrụ (Tibet: གཤེན་ཆེན་ཀླུ་དགའ་, Wylie: gshen chen klu dga') na mmalite narị afọ nke iri na otu.[1] Martin na-akọwapụta mkpa akwụkwọ-nsọ a maka ọmụmụ nke Z
Mmekọrịta mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Bradley (2002) kwuru na Zhangzhung "kwetara ugbu a" ịbụ asụsụ Kanauri ma ọ bụ West Himalayish . Guillaume Jacques (2009) kwughachiri echiche ndị mbụ na Zhangzhung nwere ike sitere na ọwụwa anyanwụ (kama ọdịda anyanwụ) Tibet site n'ịchọpụta na ọ bụ asụsụ na-abụghị nke Qiangic . [1]
Widmer (2014) na-ekewa Zhangzhung n'ime ngalaba ọwụwa anyanwụ nke West Himalayish, wee depụta cognates ndị a n'etiti Zhangzhung na Proto-West Himalayish.
| Gloss | Zhangzhung | Proto-West Himalayish |
|---|---|---|
| ọka bali | zad | *zat |
| acha anụnụ anụnụ | ting | *tiŋ- |
| mbelata suffix | -tse | * -tse ~ * -tsi |
| nti | chere | *re |
| abuba | tsʰas | *tsʰos |
| nwa agbọghọ | tsa med | * mfe |
| chi | mwute | *nọdụ ala |
| ọla edo ? | zang | * zaŋ |
| obi | ya | * Ṅe |
| ochie (onye) | shang ze | * (j) aŋ |
| uhie | mang | *mman |
| ọcha | shi nom | * i |
Zhangzhung ochie
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]FW Thomas tụrụ aro ka e dere ihe odide Dunhuang atọ a na-edochaghị edepụta n'asụsụ Tibet n'ụdị ochie nke asụsụ Zhangzhung. [2] [3] Takeuchi Tsuguhito anabatala njirimara a, onye kpọrọ asụsụ ahụ "Old Zhangzhung" ma tinyekwa ihe odide abụọ ọzọ. [4] Abụọ n'ime ihe odide ndị a dị na nchịkọta Stein nke British Library (IOL Tib J 755 (Ch. Fragment 43) na Or.8212/188) na atọ na nchịkọta Pelliot nke Bibliothèque Nationale (Pelliot tibétain 1247, 1251 na 1252). N'ọnọdụ nke ọ bụla, a na-ede ihe odide dabara adaba n'akụkụ azụ nke akwụkwọ mpịakọta nwere ihe odide Buddhist nke China mbụ. [4] Edere ihe odide ndị a n'ụdị edemede Tibet malitere na ngwụcha narị afọ nke asatọ ma ọ bụ mmalite narị afọ nke itoolu. Takeuchi na Nishida na-ekwu na ha akọwapụtala akwụkwọ ndị ahụ, nke ha kwenyere na ọ bụ ederede ahụike dị iche iche. [5] Otú ọ dị, David Snellgrove, na nso nso a Dan Martin, ajụla nnwapụta Thomas nke asụsụ nke ederede ndị a dị ka mgbanwe nke Zhangzhung. [6] [7]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ndepụta asụsụ ndị Asia ekpochapụla
- Asụsụ Tibeto-Kanauri
- Zhang Zhung
- Bön
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Jacques (2009). "Zhangzhung and Qiangic Languages", in Yasuhiko Nagano: Issues in Tibeto-Burman Historical Linguistics, Senri Ethnological Studies, 121–130.
- ↑ (1933) "The Z̀aṅ-z̀uṅ language". The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 65: 405–410. DOI:10.1017/S0035869X00074943.
- ↑ (1967) "The Z̀aṅ-z̀uṅ language". Asia Major 13: 211–217.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Takeuchi (2002). "The Old Zhangzhung Manuscript Stein Or 8212/188", in Christopher Beckwith: Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages. Leiden: Brill, 1–11. ISBN 978-90-04-12424-0.
- ↑ Takeuchi (2009). "The Present Stage of Deciphering Old Zhangzhung", in Nagano: Issues in Tibeto-Burman Historical Linguistics, Senri Ethnological Studies, 151–165.
- ↑ (1959) "Review of Giuseppe Tucci, Preliminary Report on Two Scientific Expeditions in Nepal, Serie Orientale Roma no. 10, Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente (Rome 1956)". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 22 (2): 377–378. DOI:10.1017/S0041977X00068944.
- ↑ (2013) "Knowing Zhang-zhung: the very idea". Journal of the International Association for Bon Research 1: 175–197.
Ọgụgụ ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Martin, Dan (nd). "Tụnyere Akụ: Ọnọdụ uche na ndepụta mdzod phug ndị ọzọ na akụkụ ndị yiri ya na ọrụ Abhidharma nke Vasubandhu na Asanga, ma ọ bụ na Prajnaparamita Sutras: akụkọ ọganihu." Mahadum Jerusalem.
- David Bradley (2002) "Ngalaba nke Tibeto-Burman", na Chris Beckwith, Henk Blezer, ed. , Asụsụ Tibeto-Burman Ochie. Brill.
- Aha, Erik . Asụsụ Zhang-zhung: Ụtọ Ụtọ na Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Asụsụ Tibet Bönpos na-enyochabeghị. Ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum na Aarhus na Munksgaard, 1968.
- Hummel, Seigbert na Guido Vogliotti, ed. na trans. Na Zhang-zhung. Dharamsala: Ọbá akwụkwọ nke Ọrụ na ebe nchekwa Tibet, 2000.
- Namgyal Nyima Dagkar. "Ntụle nkenke nke usoro Zhang Zhung na akwụkwọ nke Dunhuang." Na Tibet, gara aga na ugbu a: Ọmụmụ Tibet I, nke Henk Blezer deziri, Usoro ọmụmụ nke itoolu nke International Association for Tibet Studies, Leiden 2000, vol. 1, nkp. 429–439. Leiden: Brill, 2002.
- Namgyal Nyima (Rnam rgyal nyi ma). Zhang-zhung – Tibet – Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Contextual English. Berlin, 2003. Nkọwa: Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke Zhangzhung okwu sitere na ọdịnala Bön nke okpukpe Tibet gụnyere ndenye 3875 ewepụtara site na isi mmalite 468. Ndenye ndị a gụnyere nkọwa Tibet na bekee yana nhota akụkụ akwụkwọ nsọ nke ha na-eme na ozi ederede zuru oke maka akụkụ ndị a.