Asụsụ Zhuang

Zhuang ; Vahcuengh ("Zhuang"), Hauqcuengh (Yongbei); Kauqnuangz (Nong), Kauqnoangz; Hoedyaej (Guibian), Hauƽyəiч (Qiubei); Hauqraeuz, Gangjdoj (Yongbei, Nong, Qiubei); Kauqraeuz, Gangjtoj (Nong, Yang, Dai)
Spoken in:	China
Total speakers:	Templeeti:Sigfig million, all Northern Zhuang languages
Language family:	Kra–Dai; Kam–Tai; Be–Tai ?; Tai; Northern Tai and Central Tai; ZhuangTempleeti:Infobox Language/script
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	za
ISO 639-2:	zha
ISO 639-3:	variously:Templeeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelistTempleeti:Infobox Language/codelist
	Zhuang-dialects-map.png Templeeti:Infobox Language/IPA

Asụsụ Zhuang ( ; aha njirimara : Vahcuengh ,za, tupu 1982: Vaƅcueŋƅ, Sawndip : 話僮, si vah, 'asụsụ' na Cuengh, 'Zhuang'; simplified Chinese ) bụ asụsụ Tai karịrị iri na abuo nke ndị Zhuang bi na ndịda China na-asụ na mpaghara Guangxi na mpaghara Yunnan na Guangdong n'akụkụ. Asụsụ Zhuang anaghị etolite otu asụsụ otu, n'ihi na asụsụ Zhuang nke ugwu na ndịda nwere njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ Tai ndị ọzọ karịa ibe ha. Asụsụ Northern Zhuang na-etolite otu olumba continuum nwere ụdị Northern Tai n'ofe oke mpaghara na Guizhou, nke akpọrọ ka Bouyei, ebe asụsụ ndịda Zhuang na-etolite olumba ọzọ nke nwere ụdị Central Tai dị ka Nung, Tay na Caolan na Vietnam . ^[1] Standard Zhuang gbadoro ụkwụ na olumba Northern Zhuang nke Wuming .

Ekwenyere na a na-asụ asụsụ Tai na mbụ n'ebe ndịda China ugbu a, ndị na-asụ asụsụ Southwwest Tai (nke gụnyere Thai, Lao na Shan ) kwagara n'ihu mgbasawanye nke China. N'ịkọwa na ma ndị Zhuang na ndị Thai nwere otu exonym maka Vietnamese, kɛɛu ^A1, sitere na ọchịagha ndị China nke Jiaozhi nke dị n'ebe ugwu Vietnam, Jerold A. Edmondson kwuru na nkewa n'etiti Zhuang na asụsụ Southwestern Tai mere n'oge na-adịghị anya ka ntọala Jiaozhi na 112 BC. Ọ na-arụkwa ụka na ọpụpụ ndị Thai si n'ebe ndịda China ga-adịrịrị tupu narị afọ nke ise AD, mgbe Tai nke fọdụrụ na China malitere ịkpọ aha ezinụlọ.

Nyocha

Zhāng Jūnrú's (張均如) Zhuàngyǔ Fāngyán Yánjiù (壯語方言研究[Ọmụmụ olumba Zhuang]) bụ ọmụmụ asụsụ Zhuang zuru oke nke ebipụtara ruo taa. Ọ na-akọ ọrụ nyocha emere n'afọ ndị 1950 ma gụnye ndepụta okwu 1465 na-ekpuchi ụdị Zhuang 36. Maka ndepụta nke 36 dị iche iche Zhuang dị n'okpuru site na Zhang (1999), a na-ebu ụzọ nye aha mpaghara (na-abụkarị mpaghara), na-esote obodo a kapịrị ọnụ. Ọnọdụ phylogenetic nke ụdị ọ bụla na-esote nke Pittayaporn (2009) (lee asụsụ Tai #Pittayaporn (2009) ).

Ụdị dị iche iche

Ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ China kewara asụsụ Zhuang (ma ọ bụ otu asụsụ) gaa na "olumba" ugwu na ndịda (fāngyán 方言 na Chinese), nke ọ bụla n'ime ha ekewala n'ọtụtụ ụdị asụsụ (nke a maara dị ka tǔyǔ土語 na Chinese) nke ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ China (Zhang & Wei 1997-39 Zhang: 29) A na-ewere olumba Wuming nke Yongbei Zhuang, nkewapụtara n'ime "olumba ugwu Zhuang", dị ka " ọkọlọtọ " ma ọ bụ olumba ugwu nke Zhuang, nke gọọmentị mepụtara maka ụfọdụ ojiji gọọmentị. Ọ bụ ezie na ụdị ndịda Zhuang dị iche iche na-achọ nkwụsị, ụdị Northern Zhuang enweghị ha. ^[2] Enwere ihe karịrị sistemụ ụda 60 dị iche iche nwere ụda 5-11 dabere n'ụdị dị iche iche.

Zhang (1999) chọpụtara ụdị Zhuang iri na atọ. Nnyocha nke ụlọ ọrụ Summerlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọdịda Anyanwụ Eshia mechara gosi na ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ọtụtụ asụsụ na-enweghị nghọta n'etiti ndị na-ekwu okwu na mbụ, na-ebute koodu ISO 639-3 16 dị iche. ^[3] ^[4]

Northern Zhuang

Northern Zhuang nwere olumba dị n'ebe ugwu nke Osimiri Yong, yana ndị na-asụ 8,572,200 ( Northern Zhuang [ ccx ] tupu 2007):

Guibei桂北 (1,290,000 ọkà okwu): Luocheng, Huanjiang, Rongshui, Rong'an, Sanjiang, Yongfu, Longsheng, Hechi, Nandan, Tian'e, Donglan ( Guibei Zhuang [ zgb ])
Liujiang柳江 (1,297,000 ọkà okwu): Liujiang, North Laibin, Yishan, Liucheng, Xincheng ( Liujiang Zhuang [ zlj ])
Hongshui He紅水河 (2,823,000 ọkà okwu): South Laibin, Du'an, Mashan, Shilong, Guixian, Luzhai, Lipu, Yangshuo . Castro na Hansen (2010) wepụrụ ụdị atọ na-enweghị nghọta : Central Hongshuihe ( Central Hongshuihe Zhuang [ zch ]), Eastern Hongshuihe ( Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang [ zeh ]) na Liuqian ( Liuqian Zhuang [ zlq ]). ^[5]
Yongbei邕北 (ndị ọkà okwu 1,448,000): North Yongning, Wuming (olumba ugwu), Binyang, Hengxian, Pingguo ( Yongbei Zhuang [ zyb ])
Youjiang右江 (ndị na-ekwu okwu 732,000): Tiandong, Tianyang, na akụkụ nke mpaghara Baise City; N'akụkụ mpaghara osimiri Youjiang ( Youjiang Zhuang [ zyj ])
Guibian桂邊 ( Yei Zhuang ; 827,000 ọkà okwu): Fengshan, Lingyun, Tianlin, Longlin, North Guangnan ( Yunnan ) ( Guibian Zhuang [ zgn ])
Qiubei丘北 ( Yei Zhuang ; 122,000 ọkà okwu): mpaghara Qiubei ( Yunnan ) ( Qiubei Zhuang [ zqe ])
Lianshan連山 (ndị na-ekwu okwu 33,200): Lianshan ( Guangdong ), North Huaiji ( Guangdong ) ( Lianshan Zhuang [ zln ])

Eastern Guangxi

N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ etiti Guangxi, e nwere obere akpa nke ndị na-ekwu okwu Northern Zhuang na Zhongshan (ndị Zhuang 14,200), Pingle (ndị Zhuang 2,100), Zhaoping (ndị Zhuang 4,300), Mengshan (ihe dị ka ndị Zhuang 5,000), na Hezhou (ihe dị ka 3,000 mmadụ). Ndị a gụnyere ụdị ndị a akpọrọ aha obodo nchịkwa nke Wei (2017) depụtara.

Lugang Village 蘆崗村, Etang Town 鵝塘鎮, Pinggui District 平桂區, He County賀縣
Obodo Qishan啟善村, Obodo Yuantou 源頭鎮, Ógbè Pingle
Obodo Xiping西坪村, Zouma Township 走馬鄉, Zhaoping County
Xie Village 謝村, Xinxu Town 新圩鎮, Mengshan County
Obodo Nitang坭塘村, Obodo Yuantou 源頭鎮, Ógbè Pingle
Obodo nta Linyan林岩村, Qingtang Town 清塘鎮, Zhongshan County

Ndịda Zhuang

A na-asụ olumba ndịda Zhuang ndịda nke Osimiri Yong, yana ndị na-asụ 4,232,000 ( Southern Zhuang [ ccy ] tupu 2007):

Yongnan邕南 (1,466,000 ọkà okwu): South Yongning, Central na North Fusui, Long'an, Jinzhou, Shangse, Chongzuo mpaghara ( Yongnan Zhuang [ zyn ])
Zuojiang左江 (1,384,000 ọkà okwu): Longzhou (Longjin), Daxin, Tiandeng, Ningming ; Mpaghara ọdọ mmiri Zuojiang ( Zuojiang Zhuang [ zzj ])
Dejing得靖 (ndị na-ekwu okwu 979,000): Jingxi, Debao, Mubian, Napo . Jackson, Jackson na Lau (2012) wepụrụ ụdị abụọ na-enweghị nghọta : Yang Zhuang ( Yang Zhuang [ zyg ]) na Min Zhuang ( Minz Zhuang [ zgm ]) ^[6]
Yanguang硯廣 ( Nong Zhuang ; ndị na-ekwu okwu 308,000): South Guangnan ( Yunnan ), mpaghara Yanshan ( Nong Zhuang [ zhn ])
Wenma文麻 ( Dai Zhuang ; 95,000 ọkà okwu): Wenshan ( Yunnan ), Malipo, Guibian ( Dai Zhuang [ zhd ])

A na-ewerekwa mgbagwoju anya asụsụ Tày na Nùng dị na Vietnam dị ka otu n'ime ụdị Central Tai ma soro Wenshan Dai na asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Southern Zhuang na Guangxi na-ekerịta nghọta dị elu. Asụsụ Nùng nwere ngwakọta nke njirimara Northern na Central Tai.

Na nso nso a kọwara iche

Johnson (2011) na-akọwapụta asụsụ Zhuang anọ dị iche iche na Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan : Nong Zhuang, Yei Zhuang, Dai Zhuang, na Min Zhuang, nke niile bụ Southern Zhuang iche ma e wezụga Yei Zhuang, nke bụ Northern Zhuang. Min Zhuang bụ ụdị South Zhuang a chọtara na nso nso a nke a kọwabeghị ya na mbụ na Johnson (2011). ( Lekwa Wenshan Zhuang na Miao Autonomous Prefecture#Ethnic otu )

Pyang Zhuang na Myang Zhuang ka akọwara na nso nso a asụsụ Southern Zhuang (Central Tai) a na-asụ na mpaghara Debao, Guangxi, China. ^[7]

Usoro edemede

Edewo asụsụ Zhuang n'ihe odide oge ochie n'ihe karịrị otu puku afọ, ma eleghị anya ọ bụ script sawgoek buru ya ụzọ. Sawndip gbadoro ụkwụ na mkpụrụedemede China, yiri Vietnamese chữ Nôm . A na-agbaziri ụfọdụ akara sawndip ozugbo site na mkpụrụedemede Han, ebe ndị ọzọ sitere na mpaghara ndị China mepụtara. A na-eji ya ede abụ, na nso nso a na nzikọrịta ozi ọha na eze na-agba ndị mmadụ ume ịgbaso amụma atụmatụ ezinụlọ gọọmentị.

Enweelakwa iji ọtụtụ edemede ndị ọzọ oge ụfọdụ, gụnyere ihe osise eserese .

N'afọ 1957, e webatara script ngwakọ dabere na edemede Latin wee gbasaa ya na mkpụrụedemede Cyrillic na IPA iji dee Standard Zhuang . N'afọ 1982, emelitere ya ka ọ bụrụ naanị mkpụrụedemede Latịn. A na-akpọ ndị a 'ochie' na 'ọhụrụ' Zhuang, n'otu n'otu. Edere Bouyei na mkpụrụedemede Latịn.

1957 Alphabet

Consonants

B b D d G g C c By by Ƃ ƃ Ƌ ƌ Gv gv Y y Gy gy M m N n r

Udaume

A a I i U u E e O o Ɵ ɵ Ə ə Ɯ ɯ

mkpụrụedemede ụda

Ƨ ƨ Ɜ ɜ Ч ч Ƽ ƽ Ƅ ƅ

1982 Alphabet

Consonants

B b D d G g C c Site na Mb mb Nd nd Gv gv Y y Gy gy M m N n Ng ng Ny ny My my F f S s H h Ngv ngv V v L l R r

Udaume

A a I i U u E e O o Oe oe (nke sitere na Ɵ) Ae ae (nke Ə) W w (nke Ɯ)

mkpụrụedemede ụda

Hụkwa

Asụsụ ndị China
Ọmụmụ Zhuang

Ntụaka

↑ Bradley (2007). "East and Southeast Asia", in Moseley: Encyclopedia of the World's Engangered Languages. Routledge, 349–422. ISBN 978-1-135-79640-2. p. 370.
↑ Luo (2008). "Zhuang", in Diller: The Tai-Kadai Languages. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7007-1457-5.
↑ Johnson (2007). ISO 639-3 Registration Authority, Change Request Number 2006-128.
↑ Tan (2007). ISO 639-3 Registration Authority, Change Request Number 2007-027.
↑ Hansen (2010). Hongshui He Zhuang dialect intelligibility survey.
↑ Jackson (2012). A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Dejing Zhuang Dialect Area..
↑ Language Name and Locationː Pyang Zhuang (Fuping), China [Not on Ethnologue]. lingweb.eva.mpg.de. Archived from the original on 2014-02-23. Retrieved on 2014-02-09.

Akwụkwọ akụkọ

Njikọ mpụga

Ndepụta Kra-Dai Swadesh (site na ndepụta Wiktionary's Swadesh appendix )
Asụsụ Zhuang & mkpụrụedemede, Omniglot
Atụmanya maka nlanarị ogologo oge nke asụsụ ndị na-abụghị Han na ndịda China
Ederede Ubi banyere Sistemụ Ọmụma nke Zhuang "Otu isi okwu ngbanwe asụsụ na-ewere ọnọdụ bụ nke amachibidoro iji asụsụ Zhuang na asụsụ ndị ọzọ pere mpe n'ime ime obodo n'ihi na obodo ndị na-asụ Zhuang, dị ka Jingxi, nke na-etolite n'ime obodo na-aghọwanye obodo ndị na-asụ Mandarin. Obodo ndị na-asụ asụsụ Zhuang na-aghọkwa obodo ndị na-asụ asụsụ Zhuang! Ndị nne na nna na-asụ Zhuang nọ n'obodo nwere ike ha agaghị asụ Zhuang dị ka asụsụ nne."
Map nke otu asụsụ ndị isi Zhuang
Paradisec nwere mkpokọta ohere mepere emepe nke Zhuang Mogong Texts si Bama na Tianyang
Sawcuengh People.com Ụdị asụsụ Zhuang Official ( Standard Zhuang ) nke weebụsaịtị ndị mmadụ kwa ụbọchị

[1] Bradley (2007). "East and Southeast Asia", in Moseley: Encyclopedia of the World's Engangered Languages. Routledge, 349–422. ISBN 978-1-135-79640-2. p. 370.

[Luo-2] Luo (2008). "Zhuang", in Diller: The Tai-Kadai Languages. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7007-1457-5.

[3] Johnson (2007). ISO 639-3 Registration Authority, Change Request Number 2006-128.

[4] Tan (2007). ISO 639-3 Registration Authority, Change Request Number 2007-027.

[5] Hansen (2010). Hongshui He Zhuang dialect intelligibility survey.

[6] Jackson (2012). A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Dejing Zhuang Dialect Area..

[7] Language Name and Locationː Pyang Zhuang (Fuping), China [Not on Ethnologue]. lingweb.eva.mpg.de. Archived from the original on 2014-02-23. Retrieved on 2014-02-09.

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