Asụsụ ndị Eleman
Asụsụ Eleman bụ ezinụlọ a na-asụ na gburugburu Kerema Bay, Papua New Guinea.
Asụsụ na nhazi ọkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Asụsụ ise nke Eleman kwesịrị ekwesị nwere njikọ doro anya. Sidney Herbert Ray matara ha dị ka ezinụlọ na 1907, ma emesịa tinye ha na nhazi Trans–New Guinea nke Stephen Wurm (1975) na nke Malcolm Ross (2005).
- ? Kaki Ae (Tate)
- Ezinụlọ Eleman
- West: Keuru, Opao, Orokolo
- East: Toaripi, Tairuma (Uaripi)
Brown (1968) gụnyere Purari, mana naanị ihe akaebe bụ 1sg pronoun nai, nke nwere ike bụrụ ngosipụta nke TNG * na.
Ihe akaebe a na-ekwu maka ịgụnye Eleman na ezinụlọ Trans–New Guinea dị na Kaki Ae. Franklin (1995) na-egosi nzikọrịta ụda olu mgbe niile n'etiti Kaki Ae na Eleman, gụnyere Kaki Ae n ruo Eleman *r, yabụ Kaki Ae nao 1sg yiri ka ya na Eleman *ara na-emekọ ihe, ma eleghị anya na-esite na proto-TNG *na. N'otu aka ahụ, Kaki Ae nu'u nwere ike na-egosipụta pTNG *nu, na ụdị nke 2sg nnọchiaha, ao na *a, na-ewu ewu n'asụsụ TNG.
Ross na-ekwu na nkewapụ Kaki Ae jikọtara Eleman nke ọma n'ime TNG. Otú ọ dị, Glottolog na-ekwu na ụda akwụkwọ ozi bụ nnọọ ihe mmadụ ga-atụ anya na mbinye ego, n'ihi na dị iche iche phonologies nke asụsụ: Eleman enweghị n/l/r iche, na Kaki Ae enweghị t/k iche.
Pawley na Hammarström (2018) na-ekewa Kaki Ae dị ka asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ kama ịbụ akụkụ nke Eleman, na-achọpụta na myirịta na Eleman na-abụkarị n'ihi ịgbazinye ego. [1]
Nkpọaha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nkpọaha aha bụ ndị a:
Ọgụgụ ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ross, Malcolm . 2014. Proto-Eleman . TransNewGuinea.org .
- Ross, Malcolm . 2014. Proto-Eleman-Koriki . TransNewGuinea.org .
- Ross, Malcolm . 2014. Proto-East-Eleman . TransNewGuinea.org .
- Ross, Malcolm . 2014. Proto-West-Eleman . TransNewGuinea.org .
- Brown, Herbert A. " Ezinụlọ Asụsụ Eleman ". Na Franklin, onye nchịkọta akụkọ K., Ọnọdụ asụsụ na mpaghara Gulf na mpaghara ndị dị n'akụkụ, Papua New Guinea . C-26:279-376. Pacific Linguistics, Mahadum Mba Ọstrelia, 1973.
- Brown, Herbert A. 1972. Asụsụ Elema: Ọmụmụ ihe atụnyere Toaripi, Orokolo na olumba ha metụtara . Nkà mmụta PhD: Mahadum London.
- Franklin, Karl J.. 1973. Mgbakwunye. Na Karl J. Franklin (ed.), Ọnọdụ asụsụ na mpaghara Gulf na mpaghara dị n'akụkụ, Papua New Guinea, 539-592. Canberra: Ụlọ akwụkwọ nyocha nke Pacific na Asia Studies, Australian National University.
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]maka ịgụnye Eleman na ezinụlọ Trans–New Guinea dị na Kaki Ae. Franklin (1995) na-egosi nzikọrịta ụda olu mgbe niile n'etiti
- ↑ Pawley (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family", in Palmer: The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide, The World of Linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.