Asháninka
| Asháninka | ||
|---|---|---|
| : | Alphabet in Ashaninca.jpg | |
| Spoken in: | Peru and Brazil | |
| Total speakers: | 35,000 | |
| Language family: | Arawakan Southern Campa Asháninka | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | cni | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Asháninka (nke a makwaara dị ka Campa, ọ bụ ezie na aha a bụ mkparị[1][2][3]) bụ Asụsụ Arawak nke Ndị Asháninka nke Peru na Brazil na-asụ. A na-asụkarị ya na Satipo Province nke dị n'oké ọhịa Amazon. Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ na Asháninka, ojiji asụsụ dị ike n'etiti obodo.
Nchịkọta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Òtù Campa (ma ọ bụ Pre-Andean) nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Maipurean gụnyere Asháninka, Gran Pajonal Campa, Ashéninka, Axaninca, Machiguenga, na Nomatsiuenga. Ebe ọ bụ na usoro asụsụ ndị a niile nwere njikọ chiri anya, mkpebi ịkpọ ha olumba nke otu asụsụ ma ọ bụ asụsụ dị iche iche dabere na ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kama ịdị ka asụsụ ma ọ bụ ọdịiche, dịka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ ebe ndị ọzọ n'ụwa. Mgbalị ijikọta ụdị dị iche iche na otu ọkọlọtọ ederede emeghị nke ọma.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-akpọkwa asụsụ a Asháninka na Campa; Asháninka na-ewere nke ikpeazụ dị ka ihe mkparị, ebe ọ bụ na o si n'okwu Quechua bụ́ thampa, nke pụtara ihe ruru unyi ma dị njọ. Dịka asụsụ niile nwere ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na mpaghara ọ bụla dị na Perú, Asháninka bụ asụsụ gọọmentị na mpaghara a na-asụ ya, dịka Iwu si kwuo. Ọnụọgụgụ ndị mmadụ na-agụ akwụkwọ sitere na 10% ruo 30%, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 15% ruo 25% nke ndị mmadụ na-agụ akwụkwọ maka asụsụ nke abụọ, bụ́ Spanish.
Egwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Enwere ke ịkọwa asụsụ a dị ka nke na-adịghị ike maka ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya. South America abụrụla ebe a na-egbu osisi na mgbalị ndị ọzọ a na-eme iji kpochapụ ọhịa, nke na-abụkarị iwu na-akwadoghị. Ndị na-asụ Asháninka na-akpọ oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo nke Peru na Brazil ebe obibi ha, ma na-ebi n'ala a. Ebe obibi a, ọkachasị n'akụkụ Peruvian, na-eche obere egwu ihu site na igbu osisi na omume mbibi ndị ọzọ site n'aka ndị agha mpụga.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Mkpịsị aka | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | t | tʲ | k | |
| Africate | t͡s | t͡ʃ | |||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | β | s | ʃ | h | |
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | ɲ | ||
| Rhotic | ɾ | ||||
| Ọkara ụdaolu | j |
N'ịgba ụda olu, ụda olu na-enweghị olu na-aghọ ụda olu. Na-ebute ụdaume, ụda /k/ na-aghọ egbugbere ọnụ dị ka . A na-emepụta ụda egbugbere ọnụ [w] mgbe ụdaume abụọ /oa/ jikọtara ọnụ.[4]
Mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| N'ihu | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|
| N'akụkụ | i | |
| N'etiti | e | o |
| Emeghe | a | |
Okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Bekee | Spanish | Asháninka | Yanesha' |
|---|---|---|---|
| otu | uno | aparo | |
| abụọ | dos | apite | epa |
| atọ | tres | maava | |
| nwoke | hombre | shirampari | |
| nwanyị | mujer | tsinane | peno |
| nkịta | perro | otsiti | ochec |
| anyanwụ | sol | poreatsiri | |
| ifufe | viento | tampia | m̃orr |
| ọnwa | luna | cashiri | arrorr |
| mmiri | agua | nija | pat̃err |
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Vigil (2010). "Racismo en el discurso sobre los asháninkas de satipo". Discurso & Sociedad 4 (5): 538–578. DOI:10.14198/dissoc.4.3.4.
- ↑ Vigil (2017). "La internalización del discurso racista en los jóvenes asháninkas". Lengua y Sociedad 16 (1): 54–75. DOI:10.15381/lengsoc.v16i1.22384.
- ↑ Michael (2020). "Rethinking the communicative functions of evidentiality: Event responsibility in Nanti (Arawakan) evidential practice". Cadernos de Etnolingüística 8 (1): 95–123.
- ↑ Dirks (October 1953). "Campa (Arawak) phonemes". International Journal of American Linguistics 19 (4): 302–304. DOI:10.1086/464237.
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Crevels (2012). "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking", in Campbell: The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide. Mouton de Gruyter, 167–234. DOI:10.1515/9783110258035.167. ISBN 978-3-11-025513-3.
- "Asháninka". Asụsụ, mkpụrụ akwụkwọ na ịkpọpụta. Enwetara na Mee 5, 2016.
- "Base De Datos De Pueblos Indígenas U Originarios." Base De Datos de Pueblos Indígena U Originarios Enwetara ya na Machị 11, 2016.
- Language Archives.org
- "Okwu ndị American Indian: Ashaninka Words (Campa)." Ashaninka words (Campa, Ashninka). 2015.
- "The Endangered Languages Project". "Endangered Language Project. Enwetara na Mee 5, 2016.