Baraita

 

Baraita (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: בָּרַיְתָא, romanized: bārayṯā "external" or "outside"; pl. bārayāṯā or in Hebrew baraitot; also baraitha, beraita; Ashkenazi pronunciation: berayse) designates a tradition in the Oral Torah of Rabbinical Judaism that is not incorporated in the Mishnah. Baraita thus refers to teachings "outside" of the six orders of the Mishnah. Originally, "Baraita" probably referred to teachings from schools outside the main Mishnaic-era yeshivas – although in later collections, individual barayata are often authored by sages of the Mishna (Tannaim).

Dịka Okwu Mmalite nke Mishneh Torah nke Maimonides si kwuo, Hoshaiah Rabbah na Bar Kappara chịkọtara barayata, ọ bụ ezie na e deghị ihe ọzọ yiri nke Tosefta..

Ebe ọ bụ na Mishnah na-ekpuchi Iwu Ọnụ dum n'ụdị dị mkpụmkpụ (nke e mere iji mee ka ọ dị mfe ma dị mkpa ka e bufee ya n'ọnụ), ọtụtụ nsụgharị dị iche iche, nkọwa ndị ọzọ, nkọwa na mkpebi adịghị na Mishnah. E mechara chịkọta ndị a n'akwụkwọ a na-akpọ barayata, ọtụtụ mgbe n'ụdị ndepụta ozizi site n'aka otu onye amamihe. Barayata nwekwara ike ịkọwa nchịkọta nke ọdịnala ndị dị otú ahụ. Nchịkọta barayata bụ isi bụ Tosefta na Midrashim Halakhic (Mekhilta, Sifra na Sifre).

Ikike nke barayata dị obere karịa nke Mishnah. Ka o sina dị, ọrụ ndị a bụ isi "ihe akaebe" nke ndị amamihe Talmudic zoro aka na nyocha na nkọwa ha nke Mishna; lee Glata-linkid="388" href="./Gemara" id="mwMw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Gemara">Gemara. N'ebe a, a na-ejikarị okwu Aramaic tanya "A kụziiri ya ọnụ", tana, ma ọ bụ tanu rabanan "Ndị rabaị anyị kụziiri ya n'ọnụ", ebe tnan "Anyị kụziiri ya" na-ewebata ihe ndị sitere na Mishnah. A na-ekwukarị na barayata a na-amaghị aha ya bụ tannaim site na Talmud. Na Jerusalem Talmud, amaokwu banyere baraita adịghịkarị.

Ụdị baraita bụ nke a na-apụghị ịmatacha site na nke Mishna, mana ụfọdụ na-abịaru nso na Mishnaic idiom karịa ndị ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, isi nke abụọ nke Kallah Rabbathi, nchịkọta baraita, na-agbakwunye na Pirkei Avot, ebe ha abụọ yiri n'ụdị na ọdịnaya.

Hụkwa

• Gemara
• Midrash
• Talmud

Njikọ mpụga

• jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=247&letter=B" id="mwVw" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Baraita, jewishencyclopedia.com
• Maimonides Ntinye nke Mishneh Torah (Nsụgharị Bekee)
• Tosefta na Baraita (Hibru) , Maimonides, Okwu Mmalite nke Nkọwa Banyere Mishnah
• Omenala Okwu nke Aryeh Kaplan