Beatrice Mtetwa
| Ụdịekere | nwanyị  |
|---|---|
| Mba o sị | Zimbabwe |
| Aha enyere | Beatrice |
| Ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 1957 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Eswatini |
| Ọrụ ọ na-arụ | onye ọka iwu |
| Ebe agụmakwụkwọ | University of Botswana |
| Ihe nrite | International Women of Courage Award, Ludovic-Trarieux International Human Rights Prize, CPJ International Press Freedom Awards, Index Award |
Beatrice Mtetwa (amuru 1957) bu onye oka iwu onye Zimbabwe nke amara na mba uwa maka agbachitere ndi nta akuko na nnwere onwe ndi oru nta akuko. Akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times kọwara ya na 2008 dị ka “onye ọka iwu kacha ruuru mmadụ na Zimbabwe.[1]
Ọrụ iwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Amụrụ na Swaziland, [1] Mtetwa natara LLB ya na Mahadum Botswana na Swaziland na 1981 wee nọrọ afọ abụọ sochirinụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọka iwu na-agba akwụkwọ na Swaziland.[2] Na 1983, ọ kwagara Zimbabwe, bụ ebe ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọka iwu ruo 1989.[2] N'afọ ahụ, ọ malitere ọrụ onwe ya, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya ọ malitere ọkachamara na iwu ikike mmadụ.[2] N'otu n'ime okwu ikpe ya a ma ama, ọ gara nke ọma n'aka akụkụ nke Zimbabwe's Private Voluntary Organisation Act nke nyere onye minista gọọmentị ikike igbasa ma ọ bụ dochie ndị isi oche nke otu ndị na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị [2]. Ọ gbakwara aka na nsonaazụ mpaghara 37 na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu 2000.[2] N'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ PBS, Mtetwa kọwara ebumnobi ya maka itinye aka ya dịka "ọ bụghị n'ihi na ọ dị ebube ma ọ bụ ego ọ bụla ọ bụghị n'ihi na m na-agbalị imegide gọọmentị...Ana m eme ya n'ihi na ọ bụ ọrụ kwesịrị ịrụ ya.".[2]
A maara Mtetwa karịsịa maka ịgbachitere ndị nta akụkọ e jidere, ma ndị obodo ma ndị mba ụwa.[3] N'afọ 2003, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ meriri iwu ụlọ ikpe nke gbochiri nchụpụ nke onye nta akụkọ Guardian Andrew Meldrum, na-enye ya ndị ọrụ nchekwa na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Harare naanị nkeji ole na ole tupu ụgbọelu Meldrum apụọ.[4] Ọ nwetakwara mmeri maka ndị nta akụkọ e jidere Toby Harnden na Julian Simmonds site na Sunday Telegraph nke London, bụ ndị e jidere n'oge ọ na-akọ akụkọ banyere ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke Eprel maka ebubo na ha na-arụ ọrụ na-enweghị ikike gọọmentị.[3] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, a tọhapụrụ onye nta akụkọ New York Times bụ Barry Bearak, onye a tụrụ mkpọrọ maka ebubo yiri nke ahụ.[1] Ọ gbachitekwara ọtụtụ ndị nta akụkọ obodo e jidere na Ntuli aka onye isi ala nke afọ 2008.[5]Mtetwa bụkwa onye nduzi nke na-anọdụ na bọọdụ Econet.
Mtetwa na Tawanda Nyambirai guzobere Mtetwa & Nyambirai Legal Practitioners na 2006 ma guzobe onwe ya n'ime afọ iri gara aga dị ka otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọka iwu na-eduga na Zimbabwe. Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Mtetwa & Nyambirai nwere ikpe dị ịrịba ama n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke iwu. Site na Econet Wireless bụ ụlọ ọrụ nkwukọrịta kachasị ukwuu na Zimbabwe bụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị ahịa a ma ama, aha Econet na-apụta n'ọtụtụ n'ime ikpe ndị ahụ. Ihe ndị a gụnyere ikpe ndị dị ka Econet Wireless v Trustco Mobile, na Derdale v Econet Wir Wireless nke bụ ugbu a ikpe dị mkpa na ikike nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu n'okpuru Iwu 2013 nke Zimbabwe.
Ụlọ ọrụ Mtetwa etinyela aka n'ọtụtụ ikpe ndị ruuru mmadụ dị elu ma, karịsịa, nyere aka n'ịgbachitere onye na-eme ngagharị iwe a tọọrọ Jestina Mukoko - onye e jidere n'enweghị nkwurịta okwu ma mekpọọ ya ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ọnwa na 2008. Mtetwa mechara dozie ọtụtụ ikpe ndị metụtara ya nke sochiri, gụnyere ịchekwa ka a kwụsị ikpe Mukoko na ịgba ndị tọọrọ ya akwụkwọ maka mmebi nke onwe ha. Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, Mtetwa na Nyambirai aghọwo ụlọ ọrụ iwu zuru oke nwere ikike ijikwa okwu metụtara akụkụ niile nke iwu Zimbabwe.[6]
Mkpọrọ, mwakpo na iyi egwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'afọ 2003, e jidere Mtetwa maka ebubo ịkwọ ụgbọala mmanya na-egbu. N’ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii, a kọrọ na a tiri ya ihe ma kpagbuo ya tupu a hapụ ya ka awa atọ gachara n’ebuboghị ya akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nweghị ike ikwu okwu ruo ụbọchị abụọ mgbe mwakpo ahụ gasịrị, ọ lọghachiri n'ụbọchị nke atọ, o ji folda ihe àmà ahụike iji gbaa ndị uwe ojii wakporo ya ebubo.[1] A kọrọ na ndị uweojii wakporo Mtetwa ọzọ n'afọ 2007, were opi rọba tie ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya atọ mgbe ha na-eme ngagharị iwe na-eme ngagharị iwe megide ndị ọkaiwu Zimbabwe..[5][7]
N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Kọmitii Na-echebe Ndị nta akụkọ, Mtetwa kọwara usoro ya maka igbochi mwakpo ndị nwere ike ime:
"Echere m na m na-eche ihe ize ndụ ihu ozugbo tupu ya emee. Ana m ejide n'aka mgbe niile na ọ bụrụ na, dịka ọmụmaatụ, a kpọrọ m n'etiti abalị gaa n'ebe nwere ike ịdị ize ndụ, ana m ejide aka na enwere ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ mgbasa ozi dị ka o kwere mee, ọkachasị idekọ ihe ga-eme n'ebe ahụ. Na igwefoto, achọghị m ime ihe ha ga-achọ ime. Ya mere n'ọtụtụ ụzọ echere m na enwere m ihu ọma, enwetaghịkwa nsogbu dị ka mmadụ nwee ọtụtụ ihe. "[3]
Na 17 Machị 2013, e jidere Mtetwa mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ọkachamara ya. Ọ na-elekọta onye ahịa nke ndị uwe ojii nyochara ụlọ ya. E jidere Mtetwa mgbe ọ rịọrọ ka e mepụta akwụkwọ ikike ọchụchọ dị irè na ndepụta nke ihe ndị e wepụrụla. E weghaara ekwentị mkpanaaka ya, nke nwere nkwurịta okwu onye ọka iwu na onye ahịa. E boro ya ebubo imeri na / ma ọ bụ igbochi usoro ikpe ziri ezi n'okpuru Iwu Mpụ (Codification and Reform) Act, ngalaba 184 (1) (g).
Ndị uwe ojii Zimbabwe mebiri mkpebi ikpe dị elu nke ụlọ ikpe dị elu na-enye iwu ka a tọhapụ Mtetwa ma gaa n'ihu na-ejide ya na ebubo nke igbochi ikpe ziri ezi. Mgbe ihe karịrị otu izu n'ụlọ mkpọrọ gasịrị, a tọhapụrụ Mtetwa na Mọnde 25 Machị 2013 mgbe onye ọka ikpe ụlọ ikpe dị elu wepụrụ mkpebi ụlọ ikpe dị ala na a ga-ejide ya n'enweghị mgbapụta na ebubo nke igbochi ikpe ziri ezi.
N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2013, onye ọka iwu R Bloody Mugwagwa kwuru na Mtetwa enweghị ikpe ọ ga-aza. Onye ọka ikpe Mugwagwa chọpụtara na ọ nweghị ihe akaebe na-egosi na Mtetwa mere ka ndị uwe ojii ghara ịrụ ọrụ ha.[8]
Nkwado mba ụwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na 2005, ọ meriri ihe nrite International Press Freedom Award nke Kọmitii na-echebe ndị nta akụkọ.[1] Nturu ugo a kwuru na "n'obodo ebe a na-eji iwu eme ihe agha megide ndị nta akụkọ nọọrọ onwe ha, Mtetwa agbachitere ndị nta akụkọ ma kwuo maka nnwere onwe mgbasa ozi, ha niile nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke onwe." [5]
Mtetwa nwetakwara ọtụtụ onyinye site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ iwu. N'afọ 2009, European Bar Human Rights Institute nyere ya Ludovic-Trarieux International Human Rights Prize ("Ihe nrite nke ndị ọka iwu nyere onye ọka iwu"), nke a na-echekwa kwa afọ maka onye ọka iwu nke n'oge ọrụ ya gosipụtara, site na ọrụ ma ọ bụ nhụjuanya, ịgbachitere ikike mmadụ n'ụwa. [9] Mtetwa nwetakwara ihe nrite 2010 International Human Rights nke American Bar Association. [10] N'afọ 2011, e nyere ya Inamori Ethics Prize site na Case Western Reserve University na US.[11] N'afọ 2014, ọ bụ onye natara International Women of Courage Award . [12]
Mahadum St. Francis Xavier, nke dị na Nova Scotia, Canada, bụ mahadum mbụ mere emume maka ọtụtụ ihe Mtetwa rụzuru site n'inye ya nzere nsọpụrụ na Mee 2013.
N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2013, Mahadum Bath na United Kingdom nyere Mtetwa nzere Doctor of Laws (LLD) iji kwado ọrụ ya.[13]
N'ọnwa Eprel 2016, Mahadum Rhodes dị na South Africa nyere Mtetwa nzere Doctor of Laws (LLD) iji kwado ihe ọ rụzuru n'ịkwalite na ichebe ikike mmadụ na Zimbabwe.
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- 1 2 Barry Bearak (2008). In Zimbabwe Jail: A Reporter's Ordeal. The New York Times. Retrieved on 2 June 2011.Barry Bearak (2008). "In Zimbabwe Jail: A Reporter's Ordeal". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 June 2011.
- ↑ 'Zimbabwe: Shadows and Lies'. PBS Frontline (2004). Retrieved on 2 June 2011.
- 1 2 3 IPFA 2005 - Beatrice Mtetwa. Committee to Protect Journalists (2005). Archived from the original on 3 June 2011. Retrieved on 2 June 2011."IPFA 2005 - Beatrice Mtetwa". Committee to Protect Journalists. 2005. Archived from the original on 3 June 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2011.
- ↑ Zimbabwe's feisty freedom fighter. BBC News (18 October 2005). Retrieved on 2 June 2011.
- 1 2 3 CPJ to honor five international journalists. Committee to Protect Journalists (16 September 2008). Archived from the original on 3 June 2011. Retrieved on 2 June 2011."CPJ to honor five international journalists". Committee to Protect Journalists. 16 September 2008. Archived from the original on 3 June 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2011.
- ↑ Mtetwa and Nyambirai Law Firm. mandn.co.zw. Retrieved on 2019-06-19.
- ↑ Zimbabwe police assault lawyers. BBC News (8 March 2007). Retrieved on 2 June 2011.
- ↑ Magistrate Acquits Top Zimbabwe Human Rights Lawyer (en). VOA (26 November 2013). Retrieved on 2019-10-30.
- ↑ PRIX INTERNATIONAL DES DROITS DE L'HOMME LUDOVIC TRARIEUX. www.ludovictrarieux.org. Retrieved on 2019-06-19.
- ↑ Mtetwa Wins 2010 International Human Rights Award. American Bar Association Section of Litigation (2010). Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved on 2 June 2011.
- ↑ Past Recipients. Case Western Reserve University. Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved on 10 September 2012.
- ↑ "US Honors International Women of Courage", Voice of America, 4 March 2014. Retrieved on 5 March 2014.
- ↑ Honorary graduates, 2010 to present. www.bath.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2018-02-17. Retrieved on 2019-10-30.