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Belinda Sutton

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Isaac Royall House, Medford, Massachusetts - Ebe obibi ndị ohu
Arịrịọ Belinda bipụtara na magazin American Museum, 1787

Belinda Sutton (amụrụ n'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1713 n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke kọntinent Afrịka), nke a makwaara dị ka Belinda Royall, bụ nwanyị amụrụ n'ebe bụ Ghana ugbu a nke ezinụlọ Royall mere ohu na Royall House na Slave Quarters na Medford, Massachusetts, USA. Nkọwa ndị ọzọ nke ndụ ezinụlọ Sutton nọ n'okpuru nyocha na-aga n'ihu. Ihe ndekọ baptism maka nwa nwoke Joseph, na nwa nwanyị Prine, pụtara na ihe ndekọ ụka. [1] Isaac Royall Jr. gbahapụrụ Belinda mgbe ọ gbagara Nova Scotia na mbido American Revolution.[2] N'ọchịchọ Royall, edepụtara ọtụtụ ndị ohu, mana Belinda bụ ihe pụrụ iche na ọchịchọ ya:

"N'ime testament ya, o nyere ohu ya Belinda nhọrọ nke nnwere onwe, ọ gakwara n'ihu 'ọ bụrụhaala na ọ ga-enweta nchebe na ọ gaghị abụ ebubo n'obodo Medford.' Ọ bụrụ na ọ họrọghị nnwere onwe. O nyere ya nwa ya nwanyị Mary Erving. E nyere ndị ohu ndị ọzọ ma ree ụfọdụ, mana a tọhapụrụ Belinda.[3]

"ọ na-ekpe ekpere, na a ga-eme ka ọ pụọ na Estate nke Colonel Royall, dịka ọ ga-egbochi ya, na nwa ya nwanyị na-arịa ọrịa, site na nhụsianya n'ụzọ kachasị njọ, ma gbasaa nkasi obi n'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi na nke na-agbadata nke ndụ ha. "

N'ihi arịrịọ a, e nyere ya ezumike nká kwa afọ nke pound iri na ise na shilling iri na abụọ, ma kwado ya site na John Hancock.[4] A kpọtụrụ ezumike nká a aha dị ka otu n'ime ikpe mbụ nke ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ịgba ohu na Ahịa ohu.[2][5]

Na mkpesa 1788, a na-akpọ ya "nwunye di ya nwụrụ" ma jiri aha ikpeazụ Sutton.[1]

Arịrịọ ndị sochirinụ na Commonwealth nke Massachusetts na-egosi na ka akwụsịrị mbụ ụgwọ abụọ, ụgwọ ezumike nka anaghị abịa. Ọ gara n'ihu na-arịọ arịrịọ maka ịkwụghachi azụ ruo mgbe ntinye akwụkwọ ikpeazụ na 1793.[1] Akwụkwọ iwu mechara na-ezo aka na ọnwụ ndị ọrụ Royall mere, mana mgbe na ọnọdụ ndị a ka amabeghị n'oge a..[1]

Ihe Nketa

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E bipụtara arịrịọ Belinda Sutton na 1787, na-egosi na ọ bụ ya dere ya

E bipụtaghachiri arịrịọ Belinda na 1787 na onye edemede ya, site n'aka onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ Mathew Carey, ya na edemede na-emegide ịgba ohu "Address to the Heart, on the Subject of American Slavery" na mbipụta The American Museum . [6][7]

N'afọ 1832, akwụkwọ akụkọ William Lloyd Garrison bụ The Liberator zoro aka na "Balinda" na arịrịọ ya n'otu isiokwu a kpọrọ "Capacity of Blacks".[8]

N'abụ uri ya nke afọ 1980 "Belinda's Petition," Rita Dove na-enye otu nwanyị e mere ohu na mbụ olu mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ: "N'oge na-adịghị anya, ndị obodo gị ekewapụla / Binds of Tyranny, "ọ na-agbakwụnye n'ụzọ dị mfe, "M ga-enwe olileanya na ị / ga-atụle otu ihe ahụ maka m. "[9]

Ta-Nehisi Coates' essay "The Case for Reparations" na 2014 kpọrọghachi akụkọ Belinda na arịrịọ. [10]

"Belinda (Say Her Name) ", abụ oku na nzaghachi nke Kiah Duggans, sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke ndụ Belinda Sutton na ahụmịhe ya, yana site na mmegharị #SayHerName.[11]

Arịrịọ maka nkwụghachi ụgwọ na-aga n'ihu na-ezo aka n'akụkọ ihe ịga nke ọma Belinda, ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na-agagide na-enweta mkpali site na arịrịọ ya:

N'amaghị ya, Sutton na arịrịọ ya (nke enwere ike ịgụ n'ozuzu ya na njedebe nke isiokwu a) ga-edozi ihe maka ọtụtụ narị afọ iji dozie mmerụ ahụ nke ahia ohu na Ịgba ohu. O nyekwara ndị bịara mgbe ọ nwetasịrị echiche ihe ikpe ziri ezi na ikpe ziri ezi n'ụwa mgbe ozu gasịrị nwere ike ịdị.[12]

Mmemme ọnwa akụkọ ihe mere eme ojii na 2023, nwere isiokwu nke Black Resistance, mere mmemme Sutton nketa. "Cheta Belinda Sutton: Nguzogide, Activism, na Nkwụghachi" na Royall House na Slave Quarters nke gụnyere mkparịta ụka nke arịrịọ 1783, ihe egwu egwu, na mkparịta ụka nke "Belinda Sutton na Black Women's Radical Activism na narị afọ nke 18 Massachusetts.".[13]

Njikọ mpụga

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  • Arịrịọ Belinda: arịrịọ Massachusetts Anti-Slavery na Anti-Segregation; Massachusetts Archives Collection. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] SC1/usoro 45X. Ebe ndebe ihe ochie nke Massachusetts Boston, Mass. Ngalaba Mmepe Nchịkọta. Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ sara mbara. HCL Mahadum Harvard. Enwetara ya na 17 Febụwarị 2023.
  • Arịrịọ Belinda Sutton (nke a maara dị ka Belinda Royall), nke e depụtaghachiri [14]

Edemsibia

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Belinda Sutton and Her Petitions. The Royall House & Slave Quarters (28 April 2013). Archived from the original on 2016-03-19. Retrieved on 2022-02-09.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Rivera (2009-09-20). Belinda Royall (1712-?) • (en-US). Retrieved on 2024-01-09.
  3. ↑ Halley (Spring 2008). "My Isaac Royall Legacy". Harvard BlackLetter Law Journal (10892907) 24: 117–131. 
  4. ↑ Massachusetts House of Representatives (1783-02-19). On the petition of Belinda, an African. Massachusetts Anti-Slavery and Anti-Segregation Petitions, Harvard University. Retrieved on 2023-02-22.
  5. ↑ Coates. "The Case for Reparations", The Atlantic. Retrieved on 2017-12-03.
  6. ↑ Belinda (June 1787). "Petition of an African Slave". The American Museum or Repository of Ancient and Modern Fugitive Pieces & C 1 (6): 538–540. 
  7. ↑ Finkenbine (2007). "Belinda's Petition: Reparations for Slavery in Revolutionary Massachusetts". The William and Mary Quarterly 64 (1): 95–104. ISSN 0043-5597. 
  8. ↑ Garrison. "Capacity of Blacks", The Liberator, 1832-03-24, pp. 48. Retrieved on 2023-02-20.
  9. ↑ Belinda's Petition: a Poem by Rita Dove (en-US). The Royall House and Slave Quarters (2013-11-11). Retrieved on 2023-01-25.
  10. ↑ Coates (22 May 2014). The Case for Reparations (en). The Atlantic. Retrieved on 21 March 2023.
  11. ↑ Duggans (2022-07-22). Volume 36 | Harvard BlackLetter Law Journal | Belinda (Say her name) (en-US). Harvard BlackLetter Law Journal. Archived from the original on 2023-02-17. Retrieved on 2023-02-17.
  12. ↑ Smith (2022-10-20). On the Other Side of Reparations, a New World Awaits (en-US). YES! Magazine. Retrieved on 2023-02-23.
  13. ↑ News and Events: Remembering Belinda Sutton: Resistance, Activism, and Reparations (en-US). The Royall House and Slave Quarters (2012-10-08). Archived from the original on 22 February 2023. Retrieved on 2023-02-22.
  14. ↑ The Petition of Belinda Sutton (previously known as Belinda Royall) (en-US). Medford Historical Society & Museum (2013-02-25). Retrieved on 2023-02-17.
  15. ↑ Human Rights Commission and Royall House and Slave Quarters. Remembering Belinda Sutton: Resistance, Activism, and Reparations. MedfordTV.org. Retrieved on 2023-03-11.
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