Beryl Markham
Beryl Markham (amuru Clutterbuck; 26 Ọktoba 1902 - 3 Ọgọst 1986) bụ onye ụgbọ elu Kenya amụrụ na England (otu n'ime ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ elu mbụ ohia), onye na-agba ọsọ, onye ọzụzụ ịgba ọsọ na onye ode akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ ya bụ onye mbụ gbapụrụ sọọsọ, na-akwụsịghị akwụsị n'Osimiri Atlantic site na Britain gaa North America. O dere banyere ihe mere ya n'ime ihe ncheta ya, West with the Night.
Afọ ndị mbụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ Markham n'ime obodo Ashwell, na mpaghara Rutland, England, ada Charles Baldwin Clutterbuck, onye na-azụ ịnyịnya, na Clara Agnes (née Alexander) (1878-1952).[1] O nwere nwanne nwoke tọrọ ya, Richard Alexander "Dickie" Clutterbuck (1900-1927).
Mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ, ya na nna ya kwagara Kenya, bụ́ nke na-achị British East Africa mgbe ahụ. Ọ rụrụ ugbo ịgba ọsọ ịnyịnya na Njoro, na nso Great Rift Valley n'etiti Mau Escarpment na Rongai Valley. Markham ji ụmụntakịrị obodo nke agbụrụ niile mụọ ihe, na-egwu egwu, na ịchụ nta. N'ugbo ezinụlọ ya, ọ zụlitere ihe ọmụma ya na ịhụnanya maka ịnyịnya, guzobe onwe ya dị ka onye nkuzi mgbe ọ dị afọ 17, mgbe nna ya gachara Peru..[1]
Ọ mere enyi onye ode akwụkwọ Danish bụ Karen Blixen n'ime afọ ndị Blixen na-elekọta ugbo kọfị ezinụlọ ya na ugwu Ngong na mpụga Nairobi. Mgbe mmekọrịta ịhụnanya Blixen na dinta na onye na-anya ụgbọ elu Denys Finch Hatton nọ na-agbada, Markham malitere mmekọrịta ya na ya. Ọ kpọrọ ya ka ọ gaa njem nlegharị anya n'ala egwuregwu n'ihe mechara bụrụ ụgbọ elu ya na-egbu egbu, mana Markham chere na ọ jụrụ n'ihi nkwupụta nke onye nkuzi ụgbọ elu ya, onye ọkwọ ụgbọ elu Britain Tom Campbell Black..
N'ịbụ onye Tom Campbell Black kpaliri ma zụọ, Markham mụtara ife efe. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ruo oge ụfọdụ dị ka Onye na-anya ụgbọelu n'ọhịa, na-ahụ anụ ọhịa site na ikuku ma na-egosi ebe ha nọ na Safaris n'ala.[1]: 166–168
Markham lụrụ di ugboro atọ, na-ewere aha Markham site n'aka di ya nke abụọ, ọgaranya Mansfield Markham, onye ya na ya nwere nwa nwoke, Gervase.
N'afọ 1928, mgbe ọ dị ime Gervase, ya na Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester - nke a maara dị ka Harry - nwa George V, onye ya na ya nwere mmasị n'oge njem ya na Kenya.[2] A na-ekwu na Beryl na nwanne Harry nke okenye, Edward, Prince of Wales (mgbe e mesịrị Edward nke Asatọ) nwere mmekọahụ n'otu oge a.[3]
Mgbe ọ laghachiri England, Harry debere Beryl dị ka onye isi ya na Grosvenor House Hotel, nkeji ole na ole site na Buckingham Palace. George V nwara ịkwụsị ihe omume ahụ site n'iziga Harry na nleta eze na Japan, mana ihe omume ahụ maliteghachiri mgbe ọ laghachiri England. Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Jane Ridley na-ekwu na a hụrụ Beryl "na-agba ọsọ ụkwụ ọtọ n'okporo ámá nke Buckingham Palace". Mansfield mechara yie egwu ịgba Beryl alụkwaghịm ma kwuo na Harry bụ onye na-aza ajụjụ.[3] Ọ bụ ezie na e ji olu dọọ Mansfield na nwanne ya nwoke Charles aka na ntị megide "ịkpọ aha nwa eze nke ọbara na mkpesa ịgba alụkwaghịm" site n'aka Queen Mary, Obí Eze kwetara ịkwụ ụgwọ n'ihu mgbalị nke nwanne ya nwoke. E tinyere £15,000 na ego ntụkwasị obi, na-enye Beryl ego kwa afọ nke £ 500 (ihe dị ka £32,000 na 2021). [3]
Beryl nwekwara mmekọrịta chiri anya na Hubert Broad, onye Mansfield Markham mechara kpọọ aha ya dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ na ịgba alụkwaghịm ya na Markham na 1937.[4] Mgbe ọ gafesịrị Atlantic, ọ laghachiri na Broad, onye nwekwara mmetụta na ọrụ ụgbọ elu ya.
Ụgbọelu ndekọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si].jpg)
Na 1936, Markham mere ụgbọ elu naanị ya gafee Atlantic, site na England gaa North America. Na 4 Septemba 1936, o si na Abingdon, ndịda England pụọ. Mgbe ụgbọ elu were awa 20 gasịrị, Percival Vega Gull, VP-KCC aha ya bụ "The Messenger", nwere agụụ mmanụ ọkụ n'ihi icing nke ikuku tank mmanụ, ma ọ dara na Baleine Cove na Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada. Ọ ghọrọ onye mbụ si England gaa North America na-anaghị akwụsị akwụsị site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, a na-emekwa ya dị ka onye ọsụ ụzọ ụgbọ elu..[5]
Markham kọrọ ọtụtụ n'ime ihe omume ya n'akwụkwọ ncheta ya, West with the Night, nke e bipụtara na 1942. N'agbanyeghị nyocha siri ike na ndị nta akụkọ, akwụkwọ ahụ rere nke ọma, wee kwụsị ibipụta ngwa ngwa. Mgbe o biri ọtụtụ afọ na United States, Markham laghachiri Kenya na 1952.
Nchọpụta ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Akụkọ Markham nọgidere na-amaghị ama ruo n'afọ 1982, mgbe onye na-ere nri na California George Gutekunst gụrụ akwụkwọ ozi Ernest Hemingway, [6] gụnyere otu nke Hemingway toro ihe odide Markham: N'ịbụ onye nwere mmasị, Gutekunst gụrụ West with the Night wee hụ akwụkwọ Markham n'anya nke ukwuu nke na o nyere aka mee ka onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ California, North Point Press, bipụtaghachi akwụkwọ ahụ na 1983. Mbipụta ọzọ nke akwụkwọ ahụ dugara n'ịja Markham dị afọ 80 otuto dị ka nnukwu onye edemede yana onye na-ede akwụkwọ. [6]
Mgbe onye nta akụkọ AP East Africa bụ Barry Shlachter chọtara ya na Kenya, Markham bi na ịda ogbenye. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a kụrụ ya ihe nke ukwuu n'oge a na-ezu ohi n'ụlọ ya dị nso n'okporo ụzọ ọsọ Nairobi, ebe ọ ka na-azụ ụmụ anụmanụ.[7] Ihe ịga nke ọma nke mbipụta ọzọ nke West with the Night nyere Markham ego zuru ezu iji mechaa ndụ ya na ntụsara ahụ. N'oge gara aga, ndị enyi na ndị nwe ịnyịnya na-agba ọsọ ọ zụrụ n'ime afọ 80 ya kwadoro ya. Akwụkwọ ahụ ghọrọ akwụkwọ kacha ere ahịa, nke mgbasa ozi telivishọn ọha na eze na 1986 kpaliri banyere ndụ Markham, World Without Walls: Beryl Markham's African Memoir, nke Gutekunst, Shlachter, Joan Saffa, Stephen Talbot na Judy Flannery mepụtara na mmekorita ya na KQED-TV na San Francisco. Gutekunst na Shlachter bịakwutere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ iji rụkọọ ọrụ na ihe ngosi ahụ, nke Andrew Maxwell-Hyslop duziri. Onye na-eme ihe nkiri Lyle Talbot kọrọ ihe nkiri ahụ, onye na-eme egwuregwu Britain Diana Quick bụ olu Markham na ọgụgụ sitere na akwụkwọ ncheta ya, Shlachter duziri ọtụtụ ajụjụ ọnụ. Onye nta akụkọ CNN Africa Gary Streiker mere ihe nkiri ahụ maka mmemme PBS a tụlere nke ọma, nke nwetara ihe nrite.[8]
Markham nwụrụ na Nairobi n'afọ 1986. A chịkọtara akụkọ mkpirikpi ya mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na The Splendid Outcast, na mmeghe nke Mary S. Lovell. Akụkọ sitere na West with the Night ka Don Brown wepụtara ma gosipụta dị ka akwụkwọ ụmụaka, The Good Lion . N'afọ 1988, CBS gosipụtara obere akụkọ ndụ, Beryl Markham: A Shadow on the Sun, na Stefanie Powers na ọrụ aha.
Ma West with the Night na Splendid Outcast pụtara na New York Times best-seller ndepụta nke akụkọ ifo siri ike. [9]
Arụmụka banyere onye dere ya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Critics raised questions as to whether Markham was the true, or sole author of West with the Night, when her third husband Raoul C. Schumacher made claims to the book.[Tinye edensibịa][citation needed] Evidence abounds that she was indeed the sole author; copies of the manuscripts sent to her editor prior to Markham meeting her ex-husband quickly silenced the critics and his claims.[Tinye edensibịa][citation needed] Schumacher was lodging with Hollywood writer Allen Vincent in California according to the 1940 census and Markham re-entered the United States via Florida in 1941. It is unlikely that Schumacher would have had time to process such a detailed biography in such a short time, but may have suggested it might make a Hollywood film to encourage Markham to marry him.[Tinye edensibịa]
Odee Mary S. Lovell gara Markham na Nairobi wee gbaa ya ajụjụ ọnụ obere oge tupu Markham anwụọ, na nkwado maka akụkọ ndụ ya, Straight on Till Morning (1987). Site na nyocha ya, Lovell kwubiri na Markham bụ naanị onye edemede, ọ bụ ezie na Schumacher mere ụfọdụ ndezi ihe odide ahụ. Kama nke ahụ, Lovell na-atụ aro Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, onye ọzọ na Markham hụrụ n'anya, nwere ike bụrụ mkpali maka asụsụ doro anya, ọmarịcha asụsụ na ụdị akụkọ Markham..
N'omenala a ma ama
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- N'ime ihe nkiri nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Blixen, Out of Africa (1985), a na-anọchite anya Markham dị ka nwa okorobịa na-agba ịnyịnya aha ya bụ Felicity (nke Suzanna Hamilton gosipụtara).
- N'afọ 1986, Gutekunst, Shlachter, Joan Saffa, Stephen Talbot na Judy Flannery mepụtara ihe nkiri telivishọn ọha na eze na United States banyere ndụ Markham, World Without Walls: Beryl Markham's African Memoir.
- Stefanie Powers gosipụtara ya na ihe nkiri TV a na-akpọ Beryl Markham: A Shadow on the Sun na 1988.
- Na usoro ITV TV, Heat of the Sun (1998), nke e debere na 1930s Kenya, agwa nke Emma Fitzgerald, onye na-efe ụgbọelu nke Susannah Harker, yiri ka a na-eṅomi ya dịka Markham.
- E wepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Paula McLain dere banyere ndụ Markham, Circling the Sun, n'afọ 2015.
- A nọchitere anya Markham dị ka onye ọsụ ụzọ ụgbọelu na ihe omume TV "Written Like a Merriwick" site na usoro TV Hallmark Channel Good Witch (2015).
Ihe nketa na nsọpụrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]International Astronomical Union akpọwo oghere mgbawa Markham, na mbara ala Venus, n'aha ya.
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Bror von Blixen-Finecke
- Denys Finch Hatton
Edemsibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Aschan (1987). The Man Whom Women Loved. New York: St. Martin's Press, 164–165. ISBN 9780312022495. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Ulf" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Markham, Beryl (1902–1986)". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved on 31 January 2023.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ridley (2021). George V: Never a Dull Moment. Chatto & Windus. ISBN 978-0701188702. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Divorce Court File: 7428. Appellant: Mansfield Markham. Respondent: Beryl Markham..... The National Archives. Retrieved on 11 March 2016.
- ↑ Swopes, Bryan (4 September 2023). This Day in Aviation – 4-5 September 1936. thisdayinaviation.com. Retrieved on September 25, 2023.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Fimrite. "George Gutekunst – Sonoma restaurateur", SFGate, 9 March 2002. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Gutekunst" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Barry. "A Life of Adventure Rediscovered: Beryl Markham's 1942 Book, Lauded by Hemingway, Reprinted", International Herald Tribune, 16 June 1983.
- ↑ Mitgang (8 October 1986). TV REVIEWS; 'World Without Walls,' About Beryl Markham (see also 5 November 1986 CORRECTION). The New York Times. Retrieved on 3 February 2024.
- ↑ McDowell (30 November 1990). North Point to Stop Publishing New Books. The New York Times. Retrieved on 3 February 2024.