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Biram Dah Abeid

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Biram Ould Dah Ould Abeid (Arabic; amụrụ na 12 Jenụwarị 1965) bụ Oge ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Mauritanian [1] na onye na-akwado mwepụ nke ịgba ohu [2] [3] [4][5][6][7] Magazin Time depụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime "Ndị 100 kachasị emetụta" na 2017 ma kpọọ ya "Nelson Mandela nke Mauritania" site na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi n'ịntanetị Middle East Eye. [8]

Ndị ọchịchị Mauritania ejidela Abeid, bụ́ onye ndu nke otu mba ụwa na-emegide ịgba ohu, ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ ọtụtụ ugboro. Irwin Cotler na Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights agbaala ikpe ya..[9]

Oge ọ malitere

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A mụrụ Biram na 1965 na Jidr el-Mouhguen, obodo dị nso na Rosso, Trarza . [10]

Ka Abeid na-etolite, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị n'obodo Rosso n'afọ 1979, ebe enweghị nha anya ọha mmadụ, nke dịkwa n'obodo ya, pụtara ìhè karịa. Ọ matara etu usoro agbụrụ, nke kewapụrụ ndị isi ojii na agbụrụ ndị ọzọ, si egbochi obodo ndị a na-emegbu ka ha nweta agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ, ma gbochiekwa ha inwere onwe ha..[8]

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na itoolu, Abeid malitere otu a na-akpọ National African Movement, iji lụso ịkpa ókè ọgụ, ma na-akwado megide mmeso ọjọọ nke ndị isi ojii site n'ide akwụkwọ ozi ghere oghe nye odeakwụkwọ nke steeti. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na asatọ, ọ kwụsịrị agụmakwụkwọ ya n'ihi nsogbu ego ma mesịa sonye na ntuli aka ime obodo n'oge a. Otú ọ dị, mgbe afọ atọ gasịrị, o kpebiri ịlaghachi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ wee gaa n'ihu nweta nzere masta na akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ọ zụrụ dị ka onye ọka iwu na Mauritania na Senegal.

Ndụ dị ka onye na-eme ngagharị iwe na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

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Ọ bụ n'afọ 2007 ka Zeine Ould Zeidane, onye bụbu onye na-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala, nyere Abeid ọrụ na mmemme ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya, na-akwado iwepụ ohu na megide ịkpa ókè. Abeid nabatara onyinye ahụ, n'otu afọ ahụ, mgbe e mechara ngagharị iwe agụụ ya na ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị atọ ndị ọzọ, ndị ọrụ gọọmentị Mauritania jidere ụmụ nwanyị atọ a na-ebo ebubo ijide ụmụaka n'ohu na isi obodo Nouakchott. Nke a bụ oge mbụ na Mauritania a boro mmadụ ebubo mpụ nke ịgba ohu.[11] ebe ọ bụ na iwu mere ka omume ahụ bụrụ mpụ na 2007. [12]

Ka e mesịrị na 2008, Abeid guzobere Initiative for the Resurgence of the Abolitionist Movement (IRA-Mauritania), nke ọ kọwara dị ka "òtù nke ọgụ a ma ama", na ebe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi ala.[13] Abeid na-ahụ ọrụ abolitionist ya dị ka ime ka ndị ohu - ndị na-anọpụ iche n'ihi amaghị akwụkwọ, ịda ogbenye, na ala - mara na ndụ nwere ike ịdị n'èzí ịgba ohu. O kwenyere na ndị ohu na ndị nwe ha ejikọtara ọ bụghị naanị site na ọdịnala na mkpa akụ na ụba kamakwa site na "nkọwa na-ezighi ezi nke Islam" nke na-akụzi na ịgba ohu abụghị iwu na-akwadoghị kama ọ bụ iwu okpukpe na-achịkwa ya.[14]

e nwere ụdị njikọ aka na-abụghị nke iwu kwadoro - Beydanes [ndị nwere ohu], steeti, ndị uwe ojii, ndị ọkàikpe, na ndị Imam - nke na-egbochi ndị ohu ịhapụ ndị nwe ha. "Mgbe ọ bụla ohu nwere onwe ya na IRA [òtù ya na-emegide ịgba ohu] amaghị ma ghara ịnọ ya, ndị uwe ojii na ndị ọkàikpe na-enyere ndị Arab Berber aka imenye ohu egwu ruo mgbe ọ laghachiri n'okpuru".

N'afọ 2010, a chụpụrụ Abeid n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye ndụmọdụ ukwu nye onye isi oche nke National Commission for Human Rights na Mauritania maka ịnọgide na-ekwupụta okwu ịgba ohu.[15] A na-eyi ya egwu na a ga-ekpe ya ikpe ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ maka "ọrụ iwu na-akwadoghị" ma ọ bụrụ na ọ kwụsịghị ọrụ ya na ọgụ megide ịgba ohu.[15]

E jidekwara ya, jide ya, ma mekpọọ ya ọnụ na Disemba 2010 n'oge esemokwu dị n'etiti ndị uwe ojii na ndị otu ya, mgbe ihe dị ka mmadụ iri asatọ n'ime ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe ya gbadatara n'ụlọ onye nwe ụmụ agbọghọ ohu abụọ, na-achọ ka a tụọ onye nwe ya mkpọrọ. Abeid gwara ndị uwe ojii na "anyị agaghị ahapụ ruo mgbe ị tọhapụrụ ụmụ agbọghọ ahụ ma tinye ndị omempụ a n'ụlọ mkpọrọ".

Na Jenụwarị 6, 2011, ya na ndị ọzọ na-eme ngagharị iwe, a mara Abeid ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ọnwa iri na abụọ. A tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na Febụwarị 2011, wee gbaghaa ya site n'aka Onyeisiala Mauritania bụ Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz..[16]

Ka e mesịrị, n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2011, ndị uwe ojii Mauritania ji ike kwụsị ịnọdụ ala n'ihu ndị uwe ojii n'ihi 'ọrụ ụmụaka megide iwu'. Abeid na ndị ọzọ na-eme ngagharị iwe nke IRA merụrụ ahụ ma kpọga ha n'ụlọ ọgwụ Kissi dị na Nouakchott.[17]

N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, n'oge ngagharị iwe na Nouakchott, e boro ndị otu Abeid ebubo ịgba akwụkwọ iwu Islam nke Ụlọ akwụkwọ Maliki nke iwu Islam nke nyere ohere ịgba ohu. Ọkụ ahụ kpatara nnukwu ọgba aghara. Onye isi ala ahụ kpọrọ oku ka Abeid nwụọ ma kwe nkwa inye ya ntaramahụhụ ahụ. E mechiri ọrụ ekwentị na ịntanetị nke Abeid, a tụkwara ya na ndị ọzọ na-eme ngagharị iwe nke IRA mkpọrọ. Mgbe e mesịrị, NGO ahụ rịọrọ mgbaghara maka ihe merenụ. [nkọwa dị mkpa] Mgbe ọtụtụ ọnwa nke njide na ịkagbu ikpe ha, a tọhapụrụ otu ahụ na mgbapụta na 3 Septemba 2012, na-esote nrụgide sitere n'aka ndị mba ụwa.[18] 

Na Mee 2013, Biram Dah Abeid natara ihe nrite Front Line maka Ndị Nchebe Ihe Ruuru Mmadụ n'Irish site n'aka ndị otu NGO nke Ireland bụ́ Front Line Defenders, na Disemba 2013, o nwetara ihe nrite United Nations Prize n'ọhịa nke ikike mmadụ..[19]

O guzobekwara dị ka onye mmegide na ntuli aka onye isi ala nke Mauritania n'afọ 2014, mana onye nọ n'ọkwa, Abdel Aziz meriri ya.[20]

N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2014, e jidere Abeid na mmadụ iri na isii ndị ọzọ na-emegide ịgba ohu na IRA-Mauritania maka ime ngagharị iwe megide iwepụ ebubo megide nna ohu nke dinara nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na ise nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ohu ya.[21]

E mere ikpe ahụ na Jenụwarị 15, 2015, mgbe a mara Abeid, ya na ndị ọzọ abụọ na-eme ngagharị iwe ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ abụọ.[22][23] A jụrụ arịrịọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2015.

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2018, a tụrụ Abeid mkpọrọ na "iwu sitere n'elu", ọtụtụ ndị weere ya dị ka mgbalị iji machibido itinye aka na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke Septemba, nke ọ na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-emegide ịgba ohu, onye mmegide.[24] N'agbanyeghị mgbalị nke ndị ọchịchị Mauritania, a họpụtara Abeid ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu site na ụlọ mkpọrọ ya na Septemba. Mgbe e jidere ya n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị ma rịgoro n'ụlọ omebe iwu, o kwupụtara, sị: "M ga-eme ihe niile m nwere ike ime iji gosipụta na ịgba ohu, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ịta ahụhụ dị ka usoro nchịkwa site na obere ụlọ ọrụ gburugburu onye isi ala rụrụ arụ. " Abeid ekwuputala onwe ya dịka onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala na ntuli aka June 2019. [25] Na 22 June 2019, o nwetara 18.58% vootu ntuli aka, n'azụ Mohamed Ould Ghazouani (52.01%) na n'ihu Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar (17.87%).

Onyinye na mmata

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  • 2013 - Ihe nrite Front Line maka ndị na-agbachitere ikike mmadụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ site na ndị na-ahụ maka Front Line [26]
  • 2013 - Ihe nrite nke United Nations na ngalaba nke ikike mmadụ [19]
  • 2017 - Ihe nrite Mémoires partagées, site na Mémoires et Partages[27]Ihe Ndị Na-echeta Na Ihe Ndị Na Na-ekerịta
  • 2019 - Doctorate Honorary na Mahadum Leuven (KU Leuven) [28]

Akụkọ banyere ntuli aka

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Nhọrọ Ndepụta Mpaghara Nhọrọ % Ọnọdụ Nsonaazụ
2014 ntuli aka onye isi ala Mauritania data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — 61,218 8.67% style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|Lost
Ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke Mauritania na 2018 Sawab-RAG Ndepụta mba 12,265 1.75% style="background: #99FF99; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="yes table-yes2"|Elected
Ntuli aka onye isi ala Mauritania nke 2019 data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — 172,649 18.59% style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|Lost
Ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke Mauritania na 2023 Sawab-RAG Ndepụta mba 39,807 4.10% style="background: #99FF99; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="yes table-yes2"|Elected
Ntuli aka onye isi ala nke Mauritania na 2024 data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — 218,427 22.10% style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|Lost
  • Ikpochapụ usoro ịgba ohu

Edemsibia

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  1. ↑ Tzabiras (18 June 2019). Biram Dah Abeid: A profile. IFEX. Retrieved on 23 April 2024.
  2. ↑ Biram Dah Abeid: An interview with a modern-day abolitionist. Slate (18 December 2013).
  3. ↑ UNPO: IRA President Biram Dah Abeid Wins UN Human Rights Prize. unpo.org (2 November 2009).
  4. ↑ U.N. Recognizes Plight of Slaves in Africa; U.S. Must Do More. The Huffington Post (18 December 2013).
  5. ↑ Critic: Twenty years since Human Rights Act, work only half done. Frost Illustrated (29 September 2023).
  6. ↑ December 19 – Thursday. U.S. Department of State.
  7. ↑ Human rights activist to visit Ohio center. South Florida Times (17 December 2013). Archived from the original on 20 December 2013.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Mauritania: the thorn in the side of President Aziz digs deeper. Middle East Eye."Mauritania: the thorn in the side of President Aziz digs deeper". Middle East Eye.
  9. ↑ Comment. "Irwin Cotler and Judith Abitan: Mauritania abolished slavery in 1991, so why is it criminalizing slavery opponents? | National Post", National Post, 4 September 2018. Retrieved on 15 January 2019.
  10. ↑ UNPO: Biram Dah Abeid on TIME's 2017 List of 100 Most Influential People. unpo.org (2 November 2009). Retrieved on 23 April 2024.
  11. ↑ Norris (21 May 2012). Challenging Descent-based Slavery In West Africa. Final Evaluation of Civil Society Challenge Fund project. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved on 21 January 2015.
  12. ↑ "BBC NEWS - Africa - Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law", bbc.co.uk, 9 August 2007.
  13. ↑ A Freed Slave's Son Fights Against Slavery. UNPO. Retrieved on 29 June 2024.
  14. ↑ Arrest of Mauritanian Anti-Slavery Leader. Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. Retrieved on 21 January 2015.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Alternative Report to CESCR – Mauritania E/C.12/MRT/1. Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, UNPO (August 2012). Retrieved on 21 January 2015.
  16. ↑ Urgent Action Anti-Slavery Activists Arbitrarily Arrested. Amnesty International (7 September 2018). Retrieved on 29 June 2024.
  17. ↑ Police attack anti-slavery campaigners - IFEX. IFEX (9 August 2011).
  18. ↑ UNPO: UNPO-IRA Report to ICCPR Outlines Widespread Continuation of Slavery in Mauritania. Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (26 February 2013). Retrieved on 29 June 2024.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Pakistani activist Malala Yousafzai among winners of 2013 UN human rights prize", UN News, 5 December 2013. Retrieved on 29 June 2024."Pakistani activist Malala Yousafzai among winners of 2013 UN human rights prize". UN News. 5 December 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  20. ↑ Communiqué portant proclamation des résultats des élections présidentielles du 21 juin 2014 (fr). National Independent Election Commission (22 June 2014). Archived from the original on 30 June 2014. Retrieved on 29 June 2024.
  21. ↑ Sutter (20 October 2014). Attorney: Charges against liberated Mauritanian slave dropped. CNN.
  22. ↑ "Mauritanian Anti-slavery Leader Jailed Over November Protest", VoA, 15 January 2015. Retrieved on 21 January 2015.
  23. ↑ Mark. "Mauritania activists jailed as police quash resurgent anti-slavery protests", 17 January 2015. Retrieved on 21 January 2015.
  24. ↑ Comment. "Irwin Cotler and Judith Abitan: Mauritania abolished slavery in 1991, so why is it criminalizing slavery opponents? | National Post", National Post, 4 September 2018. Retrieved on 15 January 2019. (in en-CA)
  25. ↑ Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights (31 December 2018). Anti-Slavery Leader Biram Dah Abeid Released From Prison. Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights.
  26. ↑ 2013 Front Line Defenders Award. Front Line Defenders (16 February 2017). Archived from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved on 29 June 2024.
  27. ↑ FRANCE – Biram Dah Abeid reçoit le Prix "Mémoires Partagées" (fr). Courrier des Afriques. Archived from the original on 13 February 2017. Retrieved on 29 June 2024.
  28. ↑ Patron Saint's Day 2019: KU Leuven to award six honorary doctorates. nieuws.kuleuven.be. Retrieved on 23 October 2019.

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