Black Penny
Black Penny, nke a makwaara dị ka Hume-byres Penny, bụ mkpụrụ ego nwere akụrụngwa ọgwụ akpọrọ na "Ngwọta maka Hydrophobia", obere akụkọ ọdịnala gụnyere na Denham Tracts.. [1]
Ndị ọrụ ugbo nọ na Northumberland, Durham, na Yorkshire na-ebinye mkpụrụ ego ahụ iji gwọọ ara ehi. Iji mee ka ọ dị irè, a ghaghị ibu ụzọ tinye mkpụrụ ego ahụ na mmiri na-aga n'ebe ndịda. Mgbe ahụ, a na-anakọta mmiri a ma nye ehi ndị nwere nsogbu ka ha ṅụọ.[2]
Ego ahụ bụ nke mpaghara Turnbull bi na Hume-Byres nke Northumberland. Turnbulls bi na Hadden, nso Sprouston mgbe ọ batara n'aka ha ma nrụpụta n'aka ahụ nna ihe ọmụmụ ihe otu afụ, ruo mgbe ọ furu efu n'ihe dị ka 1827. Otu nwoke nọ nso na Morpeth kwuru na ọ we emetụtaghị ego ahụ site na post mgbe ọ gbazitere ya, mana ọ bịaara ma aisi ya.[3]
Nwa nwanne nwanyị nke ezinụlọ Turnbull dere na 1843 na Black Penny dị obere ma sie ike karịa mkpụrụ ego nkịtị, nwere rim dị elu, ma yie ka ọ bụ ọla kọpa na zinc mejupụtara ya.[4] Site na nkọwa a, e kwenyere na ọ bụ mkpụrụ ego ma ọ bụ ihe nrite Rom.[5]
Ihe ngwọta maka Hydrophobia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]"Remedies for Hydrophobia" kwuru ọtụtụ nkume na pennies ndị nwe nwe ikike ikike yiri Black Penny. , "Lockerlee water" na "Lockerby Penny" ịgbagwo anya na Lee Penny nke akwụkwọ Lockhart nwere.[6]
Mmiri Lockerlee
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Otu olulu mmiri dị na “Lockerly (Lockerlee)” dị nso nókè Scotland nwere nkume dara na ya, ya mere mmirika ya ikike nke a mara dị ka “mmiri Lockerlee”. Mgbe nwanne dara ara na South Tynedale ma taa med onye na-akpa ihe na ụfọdụ ehi, e ndidi otu nwoke na Lockerly iji nweta ụfọdụ mmirika a. Ọ la dị iche iche ma anụmanụ ndị na- ọrịa na ike ya gbakere n’oge na-nwere anya.[6]
Lockerby Penny
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Lockerby Penny bụ mtempe olu dị na Dumfriesshire nke e ji gwọọ ara n’ụmụ ehi. Mgbe nne ara tara ehi na ụkwụ ibu n'ugbo Northumbrian, a gbaziri penny ahụ na nkwụnye ego nke pound 50. A gbanyere ehi ahụ, ụgbọ ibu ahụ nwụrụ, a gbagbukwara ụdị ahụ.[7]
Na Machị 23 nke 1844, The Gateshead Observer kọrọ na a hụla ọtụtụ ndị na-adịghị mma gburugburu Kirkwhelpington na Birtley na Northumberland. E sere onye ozi nókè Cumberland maka nkume nke ga- onyeisi ehi ndị na- arahụ ọrịa hydrophobia, nke sitere na nke ịhụnanya ịta ụdị. Otú ọ dị, mgbe a na-esi nkume ahụ na mmiri nke a na-enye ehi ahụ, ọ gbochiri ahụ ahụ. Onye na-akọ ahụ kwuru na onye ozi ahụ ga-ebu n'obi ịgbaziri Lockerby Penny mana o wetara ihe ọzọ..[6]
Black Penny
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọ bụ Maazị Turnbull nwe Black Penny, onye natara ya n'aka nwanne nne ya dị ka ihe nketa mgbe ọ bi na Hadden, nso Sprouston. Njirimara ọgwụgwọ ya, dị ka nke "mmiri Lockerlee" gosipụtara na mbụ site na ugoloọma na-etinye penny na mmiri.[6]
A maara penny ahụ nke ọma na Northumberland na Yorkshire ma gbazinye ya ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ugbo amfanin ehi ha kpara awụ. Onye ikpeazụ ekọrọ na ọ nwere bụ Maazị Thomas Millburn, bi na Parish nke Bothal na Ogle, North Seaton, onye gbazitere Black Penny n'aha onye nwe ehi. A na-akpọ onye nwe ehi a John Sadler ma n'oge na-adịbeghị anya guzobe nnukwu ụlọ na Tritlington, Hebron Chaperley, Morpeth iji nwata ọrụ ugbo. Millburn kwuru na ọ we edịm penny ahụ site na post, mana ọ furu efu ma ghara iju ya mgbe e ịhụ.[6]
Nkume nke Corbieheugh
[dezie | dezie ebe o si][6] A emura nkume ndị ọzọ na Corbieheugh na Ayton n'ihe dị ka 1730, nke a ike dị ka "ihe mara mma".[1] Nkume ahụ, nke e si n’onye corbie (raven) were, bụ triangular na- ike dị ka a ga-assị na e ji ugegbe mee ya. Otú ọ dị, na 1861, Maazị Henderson dere na nkume corbie ahụ na-acha ọcha ma na-ahụ ahụkebe, nha nke ike nduru. A na-eji ya ọrịa na-efe efe na ehi Laird nke Kimmerghame.
Nkume ndị ọzọ nke Northumberland na Scottish Borders
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na Ireland, a na-eji ọkara thoughtụl sie isi akụ́ elf ma nye ya ihe e kere eke na-ata ọrụ.[1] Nkume ndị Irish bụ ihe a na-ahụ na Northumberland, a na--- mmetụta ya nje butere, nke ike sitere na St. Patrick na Emerald Isle. Otu n'ime nkume ndị a bụ nke Thomas Hedley nke Redesdale, nwere ụcha na-acha nchara nchara, ma dị ihe dị ka ike atọ na otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ n'ịdị arọ arọ.. [6][8]
A na-echekwa ndị marmar na Stewart Hall na Parish nke Rothesay, Isle of Bute, nke Stewarts nke Kilwhineloch nọbu..[6]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Denham (1892–1895). The Denham tracts: a collection of folklore by Michael Ailabie Denham, and reprinted from the original tracts and pamphlets printed by Mr. Denham between 1846 and 1859, Folk-lore Society, London. Publications ;no. 29, 35. London: Published for the Folklore Society, by D. Nutt.
- ↑ Radford (1961). Encyclopaedia of superstitions, Christina Hole, M. A. Radford, Revised and enlarged edition by Christina Hole. ISBN 0-09-125200-8. OCLC 840105. Radford, Edwin (1961). Encyclopaedia of superstitions. Christina Hole, M. A. Radford (Revised and enlarged edition by Christina Hole ed.). London. ISBN 0-09-125200-8. OCLC 840105.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ Radford (1961). Encyclopaedia of superstitions, Christina Hole, M. A. Radford, Revised and enlarged edition by Christina Hole. ISBN 0-09-125200-8. OCLC 840105.
- ↑ Radford (1961). Encyclopaedia of superstitions, Christina Hole, M. A. Radford, Revised and enlarged edition by Christina Hole. ISBN 0-09-125200-8. OCLC 840105. Radford, Edwin (1961). Encyclopaedia of superstitions. Christina Hole, M. A. Radford (Revised and enlarged edition by Christina Hole ed.). London. ISBN 0-09-125200-8. OCLC 840105.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ Henderson (1879). Notes on the folk-lore of the northern counties of England and the borders, Cornell University Library, London, Pub. for the Folk-lore Society by W. Satchell, Peyton and co..
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 Denham (1892–1895). The Denham tracts: a collection of folklore by Michael Ailabie Denham, and reprinted from the original tracts and pamphlets printed by Mr. Denham between 1846 and 1859, Folk-lore Society, London. Publications ;no. 29, 35. London: Published for the Folklore Society, by D. Nutt. Denham, Michael Aislabie; Hardy, James (1892–1895). The Denham tracts: a collection of folklore by Michael Ailabie Denham, and reprinted from the original tracts and pamphlets printed by Mr. Denham between 1846 and 1859. Folk-lore Society, London. Publications ;no. 29, 35. London: Published for the Folklore Society, by D. Nutt.
- ↑ Henderson (1879). Notes on the folk-lore of the northern counties of England and the borders, Cornell University Library, London, Pub. for the Folk-lore Society by W. Satchell, Peyton and co.. Henderson, William (1879). Notes on the folk-lore of the northern counties of England and the borders. Cornell University Library. London, Pub. for the Folk-lore Society by W. Satchell, Peyton and co.
- ↑ Henderson (1856). The Popular Rhymes, Sayings, and Proverbs of the County of Berwick (in en). author.