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Br'er Rabbit

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Br'er Rabbit

Br'er Rabbit (/ ˈbrɛər/ BRAIR; mkpirisi nke Nwanna Rabbit, nke a na-akpọkwa Brer Rabbit) bụ onye dị mkpa n'Omenala a na-ekwu n'ọnụ nke Ndị Africa America nke Southern United States na ụmụ Africa na Caribbean, . ndị Afro-Bahamians na ndị Turks na Caicos Islanders. Ọ bụ onye mgbasa nke na-aga nke ọma site na isi isi ya kama site na obi ike, na-akpali ndị nwe ikike ma na-agbagọ omume ọha na eze dị ka ihe egwuregwu. case aka a mama nke onye ahụ, nke Joel Chandler Harris dere na apụ afọ nke 19, egwu Walt Disney Productions' Song of the South na 1946.

Mmalite Afrịka

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Enwere ike merụrụ ndị Br'er Rabbit na ndị mgbasa n Africa, Macron nke ፖሊስ na omenala okpukpe na West, Central, na South Africa.[1]  N'etiti ndị Temne na Siera Leone, ha na-agwa amụrụ ọkụ oke na-ekwu okwu.[2]  ree ndị ọzọ nke Africa na-akwakwa ndị ቪዲዮ cone na-ekwu okwu na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ.[3]  Akụkọ ndị a na-aga n’ihu ịbụ nke ekiri ọdịnala nke ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ n’azọ ndị ahụ.  N'Omenala ndị Akan nke West Africa, onye ndu na-ahọta ududo Anansi, ọ bụ ihe na a mere ya na-eme Br'er Rabbit na-akpa otu.  Otú ọ dị, Anansi zutere oke ikpe a na-akpọ "Adanko" (Asante-Twi okwu "Njọ") n'ụbo ụfọdụ.  Akara Jamaican nke nwere otu aha ahụ bụ “Brer Rabbit” bụ faịlụ Ananse nke ndị Akan.[1][2] Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta atụwo aro na n'ụdị America ya, Br'er Rabbit nọchitere anya ndị Afrịka ohu na-eji ọgụgụ isi ha merie ihe isi ike na ịbọ ọbọ n'ahụ ndị iro ha, ndị nwe ohu ọcha.[3] Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị mgbe niile ka ọ na-aga nke ọma, mgbalị nke Br'er Rabbit mere ka ọ bụrụ dike ọdịnala.

Ọtụtụ ihe dị n'akụkọ Brer Rabbit Tar Baby (dịka, ịta oke na-achọ ka a kụziere ya ihe, ịkụ aka na isi na-akụ oke, a na-atụgharị oke ahụ gburugburu na gburugburu) na-echetara ndị a hụrụ n'akụnala Zimbabwe-Botswana.[4]

Ndị na-akọ akụkọ ọdịnala na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu dere ihe akaebe na nsụgharị America nke akụkọ ndị ahụ malitere n'etiti ndị ohu West Africa dabere na njikọ dị n'etiti Br'er Rabbit na Leuk, onye aghụghọ rabbit na akụkọ ọdịnala Senegal. [5][6]

Ntinye ndị America

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Robert Roosevelt, nwanne nna nke Onye isi ala US Theodore Roosevelt dere mgbaàmà Br'er Rabbit.  Theodore Roosevelt dere n'iche ndụ ya nwanne nne ya si Georgia na "ọ maara niile 'Br'er Rabbit', a polisere m na ha. Otu n'ime ihe nna m, Robert Roosevelt, nwere ike dị ukwuu na ha, wee  mmetụta ha n'ihe ọ na-ede, na-akpa ha na Harper's, ebe ha dara, nke a bụ ọtụtụ afọ tupu onye nwere ike isi apụta, na 'Uncle Remus', mee ka ndị.  ahụ ghara ịnwụ anwụ.

Eatonton, ihe oyiyi nke Georgia nke Br'er Rabbit

Joel Chandler Harris (1845-1908) mekwara mgbanwe ụfọdụ maka ndị na-ege ntĩ ọcha na ịhụ afụ nke 19. Harris chepụtara Uncle Remus, onye bụbu onye na-akọ.  ụdị, dị ka onye na-ede ma bipụta ọtụtụ dị otú ahụ nke omenala a na-ekwu n'ọnụ.  O kwuru na ndị ya bụ “ihe osese mbụ nke ezigbo ndụ ndị isi ojii na South”.  [1] Harris ikpe na aha igbu Riley bụ Br'er Rabbit.    [citation need] Harris ndị ndị a na Georgia.  A na-edekọ yiri nke otu ụdị ahụ n'otu oge ahụ site n'aka onye na-akọ omenala Alcée Fortier na ndịda Louisiana, ebe a mara onye Rabbit dị ka Compair Lapin na Creole.  A na-ekwu na Beatrix Potter n’okpuru Peter Rabbit ya na Brer Rabbit. [7]

Ihe ndị yiri ya n'America

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N'ime nnyocha zuru ezu banyere isi mmalite nke akụkọ "Uncle Remus" nke Joel Chandler Harris, Florence Baer gosipụtara akụkọ 140 sitere na Africa, akụkọ 27 sitere na Europe, na akụkọ 5 sitere na ụmụ amaala America.[8]

Ọ bụ ebe na Joel Chandler Harris chịchị ihe maka usoro akwụkwọ ya a ma ama nke nke onye Br'er Rabbit na 1870s, edere usoro Br'erRabbit na mbụ n'etiti ndị Cherokee: E achụ  isi "tar baby" na akara 1845 nke Cherokee Advocate, n'otu awụ ahụ a ike Joel Chandler Harrison.[9]

Mba Algonquin dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ North America n'otu aka ahụ na-egosi cone na hare dị ka ndị aghụghọ na ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi. Ọtụtụ akụkọ banyere ọgụgụ isi rabbits ma ọ bụ hare na-agụnye njikọ ya na onye aghụghọ, onye na-agbanwe ọdịdị mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ Nanabozho.

Na "That the People Might Live: Native American Literatures and Native American Community" nke Jace Weaver, a tụlere mmalite nke Br'er Rabbit na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị Cherokee biri iche na ndị Europe n'oge gara aga, ọtụtụ mmekọrịta ga-eme n'etiti agbụrụ ndị dị na North America, ndị Europe, na ndị sitere na ndị ohu n'oge narị afọ nke 18 na nke 19. Ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịchọpụta ma akụkọ Cherokee n'onwe ya tupu akụkọ ndị Africa America.

N'akụkọ Cherokee banyere brik patch, "nkịta ọhịa na anụ ọhịa wolf tụbara rabbit trickster n'ime ahịhịa nke rabbit na-agbapụ ngwa ngwa. " [10] E nwere "mmekọrịta nke rabbit-trickster Cherokee ... n'ime omenala nke ndị ohu Africa. " 

Joel Chandler Harris

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A.B. Ihe osese Frost nke Brer Rabbit na Tar Baby site na akara 1895 nke Uncle Remus: His Songs and SayingsUncle Remus: Abụ na Okwu ya

Anyị nọkwa ebe a nwa oge ma Joel Chandler Harris nọ ebe a maka Brer Rabbit (ọ bụghị ha niile nwere Uncle Remus):

  • Uncle Remus, His Songs and His Sayings: The Folk-Lore of the Old Plantation (1881), nke nwere akụkọ 25 Brer Rabbit.
  • Nights with Uncle Remus: Myths and Legends of the Old Plantation (1883), nke nwere akụkọ 52 nke Brer Rabbit.
  • Daddy Jake the Runaway na Short Stories Told After Dark (1889), nke nwere akụkọ Brer Rabbit anọ.
  • On the Plantation: A Story of a Georgia Boy's Adventures During the War (1892), nke nwere otu akụkọ Brer Rabbit.
  • Uncle Remus na ndị enyi ya: Old Plantation Stories, Songs, and Ballads with Sketches of Negro Character (1892), nke nwere akụkọ 11 Brer Rabbit.
  • Evening Tales: Emere ya n'asụsụ Bekee site na French nke Frédéric Ortoli site na Joel Chandler Harris (1893), nke nwere otu akụkọ Brer Rabbit.
  • Little Mr. Thimblefinger and His Queer Country: What the Children Saw and Heard There (1894), nke nwere akụkọ ise nke Brer Rabbit (tinyere akụkọ etiti na Brer Rabby toro eto).
  • Maazị Rabbit n'Ụlọ: A Sequel to Little Maazị Thimblefinger and His Queer Country (1895), nke nwere akụkọ atọ nke Brer Rabbit (gbakwunyere akụkọ etiti na Brer Rabby toro eto, na akụkọ banyere nna nna ya Oldest of All the Rabbits).
  • Plantation Pageants (1899), nke nwere akụkọ abụọ nke Brer Rabbit.
  • Wally Wanderoon and His Story-Telling Machine (1903), nke nwere otu akụkọ Brer Rabbit.
  • The Tar-Baby and Other Rhymes of Uncle Remus (1904), nke nwere akụkọ Brer Rabbit asaa.
  • Akụkọ Uncle Remus kọrọ: Akụkọ ọhụrụ nke Old Plantation (1905), nke nwere akụkọ 13 nke Brer Rabbit.
  • Uncle Remus na Brer Rabbit (1907), nke nwere akụkọ iri nke Brer Rabby.
  • Uncle Remus and the Little Boy (1910), nke nwere akụkọ iri nke Brer Rabbit.
  • Uncle Remus Returns (1918), nke nwere akụkọ isii nke Brer Rabbit.
  • Seven Tales of Uncle Remus (1948), nke nwere akụkọ Brer Rabbit anọ.

Enid Blyton

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E nwere akwụkwọ nke Enid Blyton bụ nchịkọta akụkọ na-egosi Brer Rabbit na ndị enyi, ọtụtụ n'ime ha ọnụ na magazin dị iche iche na-achọ awụ 1930.

  • Heyo, Brer Rabbit! (1938)
  • Ihe omume ndị ọzọ nke Brer Rabbit (1943)
  • Akwụkwọ Enid Blyton Brer Rabbit m(1948)
  • Akwụkwọ Enid Blyton's Brer Rabbit (1963)
  • Enid Blyton's Brer Rabbit Again (1963)
  • Enid Blyton's Brer Rabbit's a Rascal (1965)
  • Enid Blyton's Brer Rabbit Holiday Adventures (1974)
  • Enid Blyton's Brer Rabbit Funtime Adventures (1974)

N'omenala a ma ama

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Ihe nkiri ndị na-atọ ọchị

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  • N'afọ 1902, onye na-ese ihe Jean Mohr gbanwere akụkọ Uncle Remus n'ime akụkọ na-atọ ọchị nke nwere peeji abụọ akpọrọ Ole Br'er Rabbit maka The North American . [11]
  • The McClure Newspaper Syndicate wepụtara Br'er Rabbit Sunday strip nke J.M. Condé sere site na June 24 ruo October 7, 1906. [12]

Ụdị Disney

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  • Ihe nkiri Disney nke 1946 Song of the South bụ akụkọ etiti nke dabeere na akụkọ Br'er Rabbit anọ, "Br'er Rabby Earns a Dollar a Minute", "The Laughing Place" na "The Tar Baby" tinyere ihe na-eso ya kpọmkwem "How Mr. Rabbit Was Too Sharp for Mr. Fox". Ọ bụ Johnny Lee kwuru na Br'er Rabbit bụ onye a ma ama na fim ahụ, e gosikwara ya dị ka "onye aghụghọ dị mma" karịa akụkọ ndị gara aga. E mepụtara ihe nkiri Disney na-atọ ọchị nke na-egosi ụdị Br'er Rabbit kemgbe 1946. [13]
  • Splash Mountain, njem na-akpali akpali na Disneyland" id="mwASc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tokyo Disneyland">Tokyo Disneyland na n'oge gara aga na Disneyland na Magic Kingdom, dabere na akụkụ ihe nkiri animated nke dị n'elu 1946 nke gosipụtara Br'er Rabbit. Br'er Rabbit pụtakwara na Walt Disney Parks and Resorts maka izute-na-ekele, parades na ihe ngosi. Ọ pụtakwara na usoro telivishọn House of Mouse (2001-2003) na 2001 kpọmkwem na vidiyo Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Moise, yana na egwuregwu vidio 2011 Kinect: Disneyland Adventures . Malite na Disneyland version nke Splash Mountain na 1989, Jess Harnell enyewo olu Br'er Rabbit na ngosipụta Disney ya niile nke oge a.
  • Otu akwụkwọ akụkọ Uncle Remus and His Tales of Br'er Rabbit malitere n'October 14, 1946, ruo December 31, 1972.

Ntinye ndị ọzọ na ntụaka

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  • N'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1972, onye na-eme njem n'ime mbara igwe bụ John Young ghọrọ onye nke itoolu na-abanye n'ọnwupụta, n'okwu mbụ ya, o kwuru, sị, "Enwere m obi ụtọ na ha nwetara ol 'Brer Rabbit, ebe a, laghachi azụ na brik ebe ọ dị".[14]
  • N'afọ 1975, a kọọrọ ndị okenye akụkọ ahụ na ihe nkiri Coonskin, nke Ralph Bakshi duziri.
  • N'afọ 1984, onye America na-ede egwu Van Dyke Parks wepụtara abọm ụmụaka, Jump!Welie!, dabere na akụkọ Br'er Rabbit.
  • A tọhapụrụ ihe nkiri vidio site na Emerald City Productions na 1989 ma wepụtaghachi ya n'oge dị iche iche n'afọ ndị 1990, nke Family Home Entertainment (F.H.E.) kesara.
  • Rabbit Ears Productions mepụtara akụkọ abụọ nke Br'er Rabbit (Brer Rabbit na Wonderful Tar Baby na Brer Rabbit na Boss Lion)
  • Star Trek nke 1998: Insurrection hụrụ Starship Enterprise ịbanye na mpaghara mbara igwe a na-akpọ Briar Patch. N'oge ụfọdụ n'oge agha ya na Son'a, Commander Riker kwuru na ọ bụ "oge iji Briar Patch dị ka Br'er Rabbit mere".
  • E wepụtara ihe nkiri vidio kpọmkwem dabere na akụkọ ahụ, The Adventures of Brer Rabbit, na 2006. Nick Cannon na-enye olu ya maka agwa ahụ.[15]
  • E nwere ụdị molasses nke B&G Foods mepụtara aha ya bụ onye ahụ.[16]
  • Na Sam Kieth's The Maxx, onye Mr. Gone na-ezo aka na Maxx dị ka "Br'er Lappin" ma n'ezie Maxx na-echegbu onwe ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ wepụ ihe nkpuchi ya ọ ga-ahụ na o nwere isi ewi n'okpuru ya.
  • Na ihe nkiri 1982 Savannah Smiles, Savannah na-agwa ndị jidere ya Bootsie na Alvie akụkọ banyere Brer rabbit.
  • Na Usoro Tristan Strong, Br'er Rabbit na-apụta dị ka onye na-apụghị ịhụ anya. A na-egosi ya dị ka chi na-enweghị obi abụọ ma nwee ezi ebumnuche.

Hụkwa

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Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Pariser (1990). Jamaica A Visitor's Guide. Hunter. ISBN 9781556502538. 
  2. ↑ Marshall (2019). American Trickster Trauma, Tradition and Brer Rabbit. Rowman & Littlefield International, 59–60. ISBN 9781783481118. 
  3. ↑ Levine (1977). Black Culture and Black Consciousness: Afro-American Folk Thought from Slavery to Freedom. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-502088-5. 
  4. ↑ Smith (1989). The Girl Who Married A Lion and Other Tales from Africa. Pantheon Books, NY, 185–89. 
  5. ↑ Arnold (1996). Monsters, Tricksters, and Sacred Cows: Animal Tales and American Identities. University of Virginia Press. 
  6. ↑ M'Baye (2009). The Trickster Comes West: Pan-African Influence in Early Black Diasporan Narratives. Univ. Press of Mississippi. 
  7. ↑ Knight. "Beatrix Potter's Peter Rabbit story originated in African folktales, expert argues", The Guardian, 19 May 2023.
  8. ↑ Baer (1980). Sources and Analogues of the Uncle Remus Tales. Folklore Fellows Communications. ISBN 9514103742. 
  9. ↑ Cherokee Tales and Disney Films Explored. Powersource.com (June 15, 1996). Archived from the original on May 24, 2011. Retrieved on July 3, 2010.
  10. ↑ (1990) "The tar-baby motif in a Bocota tale: Blísigi sigabá gule ('the opossum and the agouti')". Latin American Indian Literatures Journal 6. 
  11. ↑ Becattini (2019). "Genesis and Early Development", American Funny Animal Comics in the 20th Century: Volume One. Seattle, WA: Theme Park Press. ISBN 978-1683901860. 
  12. ↑ Holtz (2012). American Newspaper Comics: An Encyclopedic Reference Guide. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. ISBN 9780472117567. 
  13. ↑ Brer Rabbit - I.N.D.U.C.K.S.. inducks.org. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved on 23 March 2018.
  14. ↑ Back in the Briar Patch. Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. Retrieved on November 27, 2011.
  15. ↑ "Child's Play", Washington Post, 2006-04-09. Retrieved on 2008-08-29.
  16. ↑ B&G Foods.

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

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  • Backus, Emma M. "Tales of the Rabbit from Georgia Negroes". In: Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 12 (1899). pp. 108–115.
  • Edwards, Charles Lincoln. Bahama Songs And Stories. Boston and New York: Pub. by Houghton, Mifflin and company; [etc., etc.], 1895. (Bahaman stories about B' Rabby)
  • Fortier, Alcée. and Alexander Street Press. Louisiana Folk-tales: In French Dialect And English Translation. Boston: Pub. for the American folk-lore society, by Houghton, Mifflin and company; [etc., etc.]. 1895. (stories of Compair Lapin collected in Louisiana)
  • Marsh, Vivian Costroma Osborne. Types And Distribution of Negro Folk-lore In America. [Berkeley], 1922.
  • Storr, Virgil Henry. "B’ Rabby as a 'True-True Bahamian': Rabbyism as Bahamian Ethos and Worldview in the Bahamas. Folk Tradition and the Works of Strachan and Glinton-Meicholas (January 1, 2009)". In: Journal of Caribbean Literatures. Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 121–142, 2009, Available at Templeeti:SSRN

Njikọ mpụga

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